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New genomic analysis of Otzi the Iceman
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Swenet: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Swenet: In contrast, the data I'm thinking of: [list] [*]is either [b]dated, or there is some degree of certainty that a genetic trait was present or absent[/b] (e.g. ancient Egyptian texts that indicate milk was a part of their diet, would qualify as it establishes with some degree of confidence that ancient Egyptians had LP on par with some nearby groups with similar genetics, like the Beja). [*]includes [b]specific polymorphisms[/b] in diverse subsystems of genetics (e.g. HLA genes, LP genes, HbS genes, pigmentation genes) rather than over relying on abstract and to some extent nebulous bulk ancestry component like "West African" or "European", that are still "under construction" or "work in progress" in the sense that they are undergoing further refinement and quantification regarding their boundaries and subcomponents. [*]Lastly, the [b]data has a before and after aspect[/b]. So under these rules the Natufian component, though somewhat refined and quantified, is too old to show a before and after for North Africa as we don't have samples at the same site at different time depths. Although for Egypt specifically, we do get some of this, as the upcoming papers speak of an increase of CHG and farmer, at the expense of Natufian-like. [/list] With that explained, let's sum up what we had so far. *CHG *LP alleles *skin pigmentation genes [/QUOTE]Had this in paper in my palaeolithic research folder for a while. It's not genetic so I hesitated to post it as part of what I listed here. But I guess it fits the 3 principles I'm looking for, pretty neatly. [i]Certain it is that, all too commonly, what are regarded as " negro " skulls are, as often as not, the skulls of Bantu, masked by an infusion of Bushman blood. In what relation the Bushman stands to the negro is a matter calling for investigation, but it would seem that they should be regarded as divergent branches of a common stem, a relationship expressed in the accompanying " Phylogenetic Tree" (Fig. 12). If this surmise be correct, the suggested " negroid " characters are sufficiently explained. The importance of the part the Bushman has played as a modifying factor in the physical features of the various races of Africa, living and extinct, is by no means generally realized. That in remote times he ranged as far north as Egypt there is scarcely room for doubt. Any large series of skulls of ancient Egyptians will contain a number which bear indubitable evidence of an infusion of Bushman blood. In the Anthropological collection of the British Museum of Natural History is a mandible, embedded in tufa, taken from " the tomb of Cleopatra," which is an undoubted Bushman jaw. And quite recently a cave containing characteristic Bushman paintings was discovered by Mr. F. J. Bagshawe at Kisana, Tanganyika Territory, the work of the Kangeju Bushmen. The [b]evidence of this Bushman element, in skulls of Ancient Egyptians-but not apparently present in Predynastic skulls[/b]-is foumd in the conspicuous parietal " bosses," the well-marked median furrow in the parietal above the lambda, and often in the face-features which are to be seen also in the Guanches.[/i] On the Calvaria Found at Boskop, Transvaal, in 1913, and Its Relationship to Cromagnard and Negroid Skulls https://ia600704.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/24/items/wikipedia-scholarly-sources-corpus/10.2307%252F280635.zip&file=10.2307%252F2843700.pdf [/QB][/QUOTE]
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