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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Wally: [QB] I think we have accumulated enough evidence to be conclusive on some things... From the Mdu Ntr: [b]Town;Village;City[/b] There are at least nine words for these in the Mdu Ntr (osha-t, baki, Dimai-t, Temi, Kot, Karte, Garta, [b]Dimé [/b], [b]Nu-t[/b]): 1a) Dimé (ateb): in general(EWB 879b)(Coptic:Timé) 1b) Dimé (ateb-nu): Egyptian village;etc 2) Nu-t (Nwt): Egyptians only! The etymology of the word "nu-t" is (349-50) Nu: they, them Nu/Nun: the primeval waters from where everything originated [b]The following words are written using the "nu-t" glyph (350b,351a):[/b] Nuit: the Sky-goddess Nuti: the day sky/the night sky Nu-t: an Egyptian village, hamlet, town, city, community, settlement Nuti: "local" (a so-called "nisbe" from the word "nu-t") Nuti-werti (khast): a district in the Duat (The Other World, hence "khast" and not "nu-t") Nutenehtt (khast): the "everlasting city" in the Duat [b]Land [/b] There are at least 13 words for land in the Mdu Ntr (Amait, Ikhu-t, Eirit, Oka, Eiten, Adjebu, Adebu, Ndebu, Ha-t, Honbe-t, [b]Ateb, Khast, Ta [/b]) Ateb: Land, region, territory - used as a determinative Khast: Foreign land, region, territory, or place Ta (Ateb): ground, earth, soil, dust Ta-t (Nu): Egyptian land, ground, earth Tawi (ateb-ateb): Two Lands Tawi (nu-nu): Two Egyptian Lands (ie, the "two kingdoms") [b]Egyptian Colonies[/b] Gorge/Grege: to found, establish, or settle a country In the Mdu Ntr we have; Dimé ateb [b]nu[/b] gorge: "towns colonized (founded, settled, or established) by Egypt" (812a) [b]The Kmt :Dshrt distinction [/b] There are no "Nwt" towns or settlements in either Asia or Libya, only in Egypt, Nubia, and the Sudan. In his book "Middle Egyptian : An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs", James P. Allen confirms the correct translation of Dshrt, even though he uses an example which was probably rare in the Mdu Ntr: Ex: nfr dshrwt: "the red ones are beautiful" (p68) So we have: [b]Red ones/peoples[/b] Dshrwt, Dshrtjw; Dshrtw; and Dshrw and... [b]Black ones/peoples[/b] Kmwt; Kmtjw; Kmtw; and Kmemw --Kemut; Kemetiu; Kemetu; and Kememu [b]From the first cataract to the sixth (almost to Khartoum)[/b] [b]Wawat[/b] (khast)(nu)(kemau-khast): literally "Rebel territory"; actually explains the different possessions. Irthet (khast) (961b) Sethu (?) [b]Kush[/b](khast)(kemau-khast) ---Ekushi (nu-sa):a Kushite man/Egyptian (95a) Mazoi(kemau)(kemau-khast) [b]Napata[/b](nu): Egyptian ---Ta Waab (Napata): "Holy Land" (1050b) Karoy (?)(khast)(1046) Yam (?) Meroe (nu)(khast) Barue (nu): Meroe [b]All specifically Nubian towns are written with the "Nwt" determinative, which indicates that Nubia was Egypt's southern most province.[/b] Sudanese locations are written with the "khast" determinative [b]The Egyptian Frontier[/b] Although, historically the borders of Egypt were constantly changing, the African lands beyond its southern borders were called "Ethaosh"("Ethoshi";"Ethaoshu"), and earlier scholars give this term as the etymology of the word "Ethiopia". It took extreme linguistic gymnastics to come up with "Aithen(?)" + "ops" to get to the Greek "burnt faces", even in light of Martin Bernal's revealing the substantial amount of words of Egyptian origin in the Greek language. Herodotus, in his histories, only referred to a people's color when he used it to compare the Black Egyptians to the Black Colchians in order to establish what he felt to be a connection, mentioning in passing that there were other Black nations as well. He didn't write other Ethiopian nations. In fact, the only physical comparisons regarding Ethiopians was when he informs us that the Ethiopians of Asia and those of Libya resembled one another, except that the Asian Ethiopians have straight hair while those of Libya had the wooliest hair he'd ever seen. In essence, Herodotus, as well as the other ancient authors, uses the term "Ethiopian" in the same manner the Egyptians used the word "Ethaoshi"... [This message has been edited by Wally (edited 29 December 2004).] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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