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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Sundiata: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Red,White, and Blue + Christian: [qb] Dr. Winters, This article has been copied to several websites and I was going to translate it. But, changed my mind. [/qb][/QUOTE][b]Well here's the translated version[/b]: Vikings in the Moroccan South? Before the Islamization of Morocco, men of Northern Europe would have come, by the sea, in the south of the country to the research of the copper which they needed to forge their weapons. A thesis that the recent discovery of funerary megaliths and cave paintings seems to accredit It was in July 2001. Fatimatou Malika bent Benata had planted its khaïma, the decorated tent which the nomads of the Sahara affectionnent, with the accesses of the well of Aouinet Azguer. Arrived at narrowest of the valley, where the gazelles leave the trace of their legs in sand, it had started to seek a shelter: the sun knocked extremely and it feared that its young person sons does not take a blow of heat. It had ended up slipping, with the child, under one of these rock tables which cut out cliff like as many sections of cake. Which was not then its surprise to see, painted on the ceiling, of the drawings in a perfect state of conservation. There were naked men, armed with an arc, dancing around an ox - azguer, into Berber, means ox - and all kinds of savage animals: antelopes, ibexes, roe-deers, cat-like, elephants, ostriches. Who was the artist who had realized of so pretty drawings red blood stone in a place also not very favourable with the dwelling and with when all that could it go up well? Fatimatou was perplexed. Its first reflex had been to erase these paintings with water. It had not succeeded in diluting them. It had then smelled confusedly that the scenes which followed one another as it slipped under the rock returned to rites going up to the night of times. “Where there were engravings, one could be sure that there was a mine” Of return to the village of Me seied, it hastens to alert the khalifa Babouzaid el-Mghafri, which, in its turn, prevents the caïd, which informs the governor of the province of Tan-Tan. Once the informed authorities of Reduction, the “photographs” that the Fatimatou nomad discovered by chance with the ceiling of his rock shelter start to cause covetousnesses. The khalifa of Me seied, a sympathetic nerve quinquagénaire which became later “discoverer” of prehistoric art, informs a journalist author of several guides specialized on the tracks of Morocco, Jacques Gandini, of the existence of the cave paintings. This last, which is buckling one of its works on this area, decides to assemble a forwarding. It invites to join him a French archaeologist installed since nearly sixty years in Morocco, Robert Letan. In addition to paintings, exceptional for the area - until now, in fact primarily engravings were found in this Western part of the Sahara, contrary to Algerian Tassili or Chadian Tibesti - they will discover, in the higher part of the wadi of Chebeika, forty constructions and megalithic structures in form of crescents of great dimension. The presence of these tumulus “géoglyphes” - rather similar to those inventoried by Theodore Monod in 1948, whom one finds in all Moroccan Sahara and Mauritanian - is another major lucky find. These discoveries start again fears of plunderings. Except prohibiting the access of the sites to the researchers, the national Center of the rupestral inheritance, in Marrakech, which depends on the ministry for the Culture and the Communication, does not have indeed the means of controlling the zone. Jacques Gandini is criticized to have published co-ordinates GPS of paintings of Azguer and Robert Letan to have commented on them in the Aujourd'hui daily newspaper Morocco… They are defended, by interposed press. “The promotion of the area, estimates Jacques Gandini, prevails on archaeological considerations.” It affirms to have received the downstream of the ministry for Tourism and the support of the governors of area to say all it although it thinks of the some 350 prehistoric sites listed of Morocco. At 82 years, Robert Letan keeps good foot, good eye when it is about crapahuter on archeological sites. The right manhole, the nostril pinch and the cap firmly rivetted on the head as soon as it leaves at his place, this soldier of colonial artillery, ex-serviceman of the Second World war, passed his life to excavate the stony deserts of the Atlas and the Anti-Atlas. “At the time, we had neither the comfort of one 4 X 4 air-conditioned nor the safety of the GPS”, remembers it. For this native of Lorraine, which belongs to a generation of autodidacts forced to leave the benches of the school “to learn how to kill! ”, Africa, and more particularly Morocco, where it arrived in 1944, awoke an inextinguishable thirst: that of a search of the origins that its work in the mines still sharpened. “To know the history of humanity reassures us, opens ways to us, because it relativizes panics to come, shows us that the end of the world is not for tomorrow. Ultimately, the engineer always gains on the merchant!” it insisted, at the time of a conference aiming at explaining to his/her colleagues the rupestral art underestimated too a long time in Africa, whereas it forms part, according to him, of the first steps of the writing. Its goal? To help the Moroccan authorities to develop “intelligent” tourism, which makes it possible to preserve the archeological sites while authorizing the populations to benefit from the repercussions from discovered of which they are often despoiled or the last with being informed. “Without my writings, never one would not have allotted the lucky find of paintings of Tan-Tan to a nomad!” he says proudly. Even if it is the first to denounce the vandalism which endangers these treasures of the humanity and which obliged, for example, discoverers of the cave of Lascaut to create an artificial cave to satisfy the public: to touch paintings with its fingers; to try to reinforce their color by wetting them; to mark their circumference with a felt-tip pen or even with paper; without speaking about the flights, in particular in the tombs. “As many heresies which make me quiver when one knows how much the Sahara and particularly Morocco were explored little until now!” be indignant it. To preserve the archeological sites To entreat a tormented personal history whose this former Communist who took part in the trade-union combat of 1936 “is released” in his the first two novels (the Pied-noir one and Sofia, the unsubdued one, published on account of author and on sale in Casablanca), while carrying out face of long-term historical research on his country of adoption, “Mr Robert” devoted a whole work to the protohistoire Moroccan South. Currently in the course of republication in order to include the discoveries of Tan-Tan there, it reiterates the thesis of a Scandinavian influence on the metallurgy of copper in the mountains of the Anti-Atlas at the age of bronze. Because, in addition to being a writer, historian and archaeologist, Robert Letan is a also metallurgist. Its principal discovery, it owes it with an assignment with Irhem, in the mounts of the Anti-Atlas, which abounds in copper mines in which it put at the day a great profusion of cave paintings. “So much so that, where there were engravings, one could be sure that there was a mine.” For him, the trade of copper occurred before and during the age of bronze. The “red men come from the heart of the sea”, whose the old Hebrew manuscripts speak about high Draa, were probably ancestors of the Vikings, the daN' S, which came to seek until in the Moroccan South the raw material which they needed to forge their weapons. The use of copper developed towards 3000 before Jesus-Christ around the Mediterranean basin, thus contributing to the idea that an extension of civilization was carried out from the Middle East towards the west. But, with the exhaustion of the layers, the Scandinavian people came to supply themselves always more in the south, initially on the site of Almeria, in Spain, before going up the Draa river (between 500 before Jesus-Christ and 500 afterwards), until Zagora, where the copper ingots and amber converged. “The incursion of the Vikings into the valley of Draa was done only after their conversion with Christianity, probably at the same time as their raids to the south of Spain and the north of Morocco. What also makes it possible to date this mysterious Seita, Christian queen, about which speak the Hebrew manuscripts, which could be the ancestor of the Tuaregs.” Mysterious people with the eyes of the Arab conquerors and the Western explorers, the Tuaregs draw their origins in Saharan Berber civilization. The myth of Amamellen, originator of a clean writing, ancestor of the tifinagh, returns to a wedge-shaped writing not without similarity with that which is exposed to the national Museum, to Copenhagen. As for the myth founder of the women, he says that the queen Ti-N-Hinan (“That of the tents”) and its Takama maidservant, come from Tafilalet (Morocco) on their méhari white, would have found on their arrival in Ahaggar primitive people, Isebaten, with which they would have had girls. Thus, the noble tribes of Hoggar would go down from the three Ti-N-Hinan girls, whereas those of Takama would be the mothers of the vassal tribes. According to this legend, Ti-N-Hinan would have been buried in Ve century, well before the arrival of Islam in the Sahara. It, the Tuaregs would have inherited their language in addition to one company matriarcale organized according to a tribal mode. The research of the berberity, Lahoucine Faouzi, 32 years, made the key of its success of it. For this explorer originating in Agadir, large in love with the desert and wandering life, the jackpot arrived with the diffusion in 2001 on television Moroccan, for the first time in language amazigh, of a feature film that its house of production, Faouzi Vision, produced and realized. “When I proposed a series of 24 documentary within the framework of a new emission devoted to the voyage, Amouddou, the RTM (Moroccan Radio-television) signed immediately”, tells it. The first episode, Memory of Tagmoute, which tells the history of a prehistoric village, true alive legend because of the presence of rupestral stones, old attics and the tomb of the Daniel prophet, received the price of the best realizer to the Festival of Cairo in July 2002. Large amateur of speleology, Lahoucine Faouzi founded in 1996 with some friends an association gathering about thirty members, which enabled him to explore a great number of caves. “It was normal that we are interested in the cave paintings”, explains Aziz Iguiss, president of association and civil servant to the ministry for Finances. Impassioned prehistory, it pushed so that an emission of Amouddou is devoted to paintings of Azguer, that it regards as a “single inheritance for Moroccan archaeology”. With the complicity of Robert Letan, Faouzi Vision assembled a new forwarding to Tan-Tan, in November 2003. “The initiative of these young people is the welcome because it will cause vocations. One misses volunteers in Morocco to undertake excavations”, comments on the interested party. Close links between the berberity and the négritude Forwarding got under way with the blessing of the khalifa of Me seied, very proud to show an inscription in tifinagh evoking recent times when the elephants still lived in Tazzout Ouarkziz. Once on the spot, it slipped under the shelters in full desert, crawling of best than it could it. The diffusion of the light, the exiguity of the passage, the rarefaction of the air, all that formed like a magic halation around the fragile thousand-year-old pictograms. Robert Letan seemed to have found the dexterity of his 20 years. He was inexhaustible. Under the charm, one crossed the centuries briskly. One was astonished by the forms stéatopyges - the development of a lubricating mass in the area of the sacrum and the buttocks - characters represented, the majority naked, with a case pénien, dancing around animals. Was it about Bochimans coming from southernmost Africa, even of Hottentots or Bantous? The existence of not easily passable natural barriers made this assumption not very probable. Even if the dancers of Azguer like confirm that, those which one discovered the traces in Neolithic layers of the Tunisian South, Algerian or Moroccan, pastors négroïdes could have been established in the valley of Draa, remained very fertile after the draining occurred in thousand-year-old IIIe before Jesus-Christ. More important for Robert Letan, the presence of painted tanks, which, contrary to those which were found in the central Sahara, are not harnessed. This type of tank “with human traction” reinforces according to him the assumption according to which paintings of Azguer would be more recent than it does not appear to with it - “a date close to European final bronze”. If these tanks are primarily intended for the transport of copper, as it affirms it, it is then possible to think that these populations (black) were in liaison with manufacturers of megaliths of surface (Vikings) come from the north of Europe. In its work devoted to the First Berber ones. Between the Mediterranean, Tassili and the Nile, Algerian Malika Hachid, director of the National park of Tassili of Ajjer, affirm that there are “links much closer than one would have thought it between the berberity and the négritude”. According to it, the Libyans and the Ethiopian ones of yesterday would be the Tuaregs and Izzegaren-Harratine of today. Paintings of Azguer come to add with the human mosaic complexes of the Sahara the Yemeni Jews and the christianized Scandinavian populations which, at the time of the metallurgists having preceded Islamization, could have contributed to the missing link of the berberity. Postscript For better defending rupestral engravings against the plunderers, the national Institute of sciences of archaeology and the inheritance, in Rabat, created a natural reserve. On its side, UNESCO studies a project intended to develop durable tourism in the Western Sahara. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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