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KUSH: Ancient Sudan including Egypt's Nubian and sandstone regions
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by alTakruri: [QB] There was an intimate if exploitive sibling relationship between T3Wy and Kesh. For the longest time and Egypt did rank some of Wawat and some of Kesh among the [b][i]Nine Bows[/i][/b] (traditional symbolic enemies of the state) clear until late New Kingdom times. The important thing to remember is that certain Keshli families always, since the foundation of the Dynastic period, had a right to the throne of T3Wy because of their noble status in Gebel Barkal the prime residence of Amun the father of legitimacy to rulership everywhere along the entire Nile Valley. A history of the Amun/Amon/Amen cult and priesthood would be revealing. The root of this lies at Gebel Barkal, that sacred spot near the 4th cataract holy to Amun which linked kingship in KM.t with certain families in Kesh so that we see throughout the history of KM.t there were rulers who held the throne due to Nehesi wives, mothers, or descent. * As early as dynasty 3, Zanakht sits the throne. * 4th dynasty queen Khentkaues births the first kings of the 5th dynasty. * In the 6th dynaty the Uahka family is building NHHSY architected tombs in KM.t * The 12th dynasty is established by the Uahka family. Its kings bear the name of [i]Amun[/i] in their own names just as Keshli kings will bear [i]Amani[/i] names. To my mind this shows a pre-18th dynasty affiliation of Amun among the NHHSYW most likely associated with Gebel Barkal. Where else would the prominence of Amun stem from that it was not used in KM.t in kings name before introduced by a dynasty of NHHSY roots? [QUOTE] a cult of Amen existed at Thebes under the Ancient Empire, it is doubtful if it possessed any more than a local importance until the XIIth dynasty. When the princes of Thebes conquered their rivals in the north and obtained the sovereignty of Egypt, [b]their god Amen and his priesthood became a great power in the land[/b], and an entirely new temple was built by them, in his honour, at Karnak on the right bank of the Nile. [b]The temple was quite small, and resembled in form and arrangement some of the small [i]Nubian[/i] temples;[/b] it consisted of a shrine, with a few small chambers grouped about it, and a forecourt, with a colonnade on two sides of it. Amen was not the oldest god worshipped there, and his sanctuary seems to have absorbed the shrine of the ancient goddess Apit. ... [b]ERNEST A. WALLIS BUDGE [/b] [i]TUTANKHAMEN AMENISM, ATENISM AND EGYPTIAN MONOTHEISM[/i] New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 1923 Chap 2 TUTANKHAMEN AND THE CULT OF AMEN [/QUOTE]Gebel Barkal was way up south at the 4th cataract deep in Kesh. Yet it was the seat of Amun and pharoanic legitimacy. I imagine the reason that certain NHHSYW females endowed their husbands or sons with a natural and undisputed right to the throne of KM.t was because they hailed from the right family from Gebel Barkal of old from before the times of dynastic Egypt. For instance: * the Uakha family established the 12th dynasty * the name Amenhotep or Amememhet shows the Uakha connection to Amun and Gebel Barkal * Amenemhet I's (of Neferti Prophecy fame) Uakha family ancestry and marrige ties legitimized his natural right to the throne I think that Gebel Barka was known to the A-Group originators of the royalty concept of dynasty 0 and possibly the first attempts of state establishment (judging by the finds of Qustul), and here's why: [QUOTE] ... long before the Egyptians had set eyes on Gebel Barkal, the Nubians, too, had held it sacred. Although no pre-Egyptian settlement or cultic remains have yet been found there, unstratified Nubian pottery has been recovered, dating from the Neolithic, Pre-Kerma, and Kerma periods. This indicates that the site must have been occupied at least since the fourth millennium BC. The discovery on the summit of Gebel Barkal of thousands of chipped stone wasters, made of types of stones that can only be found on the desert floor, suggests that people brought stones to the summit to work them, a practice that implies a religious motivation. Likewise, the similarity between the sanctuary at Barkal, as it appeared in the Egyptian and Kushite periods, and that of Kerma, as it appeared at the end of the Classic Kerma phase, may suggest that there was a pre- Egyptian cultic connection between Gebel Barkal and the "Western Deffufa" at Kerma. There exists at least the possibility that the latter, a rectangular, brick built, mountain-like platform 19 m high, may have been built at Kerma as a magical substitute or "double" of Gebel Barkal. from Arkamani [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] ... the Egyptian pharaohs of Dynasty 18 had recognized Gebel Barkal as an ancient source of Egyptian kingship and had themselves crowned there to affirm their rule, the new kings of Kush rediscovered this tradition and [] used it to prove their right to rule Egypt. Since the first to recognize the religious significance of Gebel Barkal had been the Pharoah Thutmose III (ca. 1479-1425 BC)[.] . . . . If [the Keshli] have traditionally been portrayed by historians as "foreigners" in Egypt, they surely did not see themselves as such, despite their different ethnic, cultural and linguistic origin. [b]In their minds Egypt and Kush were northern and southern halves of an ancient original domain of Amun. [i]These two lands, they believed, had been united in mythological times; subsequently they grew apart, to be united again in historical times only by the greatest pharaohs.[/i][/b] As "sons" of Amun, the Napatan monarchs saw themselves as heirs of those pharaohs [. . .] believ[ing] they were the god's representatives - from his southern sphere - chosen to unite and protect his ancient empire and to restore ma'at - "truth, order, and propriety" in the Egyptian sense - throughout the land. from Nubianet [/QUOTE]There is a natural topographical feature (the holy Ipet Sut) at Gebel Barkal that made it the earthly home of Amun/Amani. Each ruler of Kmt had to have their legitimacy tied in to being a descendent of Amun. This is why through all the 3000 years of the Kmtyw civilization being of a certain family from Gebel Barkal or marrying into that family was an unquestioned and undisputed recognition of a natural right to the [b]Amun seat[/b] or [b]throne[/b] of Kmt. Hence no problem when a king of Kesh came to hold pharaohship, but rather in fact being considered by the Ta Shamaw priesthood as the very soul of pharaonic legitimacy. [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [qb] ... if the newly unified Egyptians considered Ta Seti to be an enemy, why then did they concieve the Prophecy of Neferti which states that a son of a woman from Ta Seti is the legitimate ruler of Egypt? [/qb][/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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