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KUSH: Ancient Sudan including Egypt's Nubian and sandstone regions
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by alTakruri: [QB] ============================================== * Since first writing this I've found the report is Honeggers solo effort * ============================================== It must be understood that the quoted from "Honegger report" was prepared under the auspices of the International Society for Nubian Studies for their Tenth International Conference. Though the url bears honneger's name the piece itself appears to be Honegger in collusion with Charles Bonnet, -- who heads the Sudan Archaeological Mission of the University of Geneva, Switzerland -- Derek Welsby, -- Sudan Archaeological Research Society-- and Deitrich Wildung -- who directs the Ägyptisches Museum of Berlin --. Honneger, a prehistorian, spent a little time at Bonnet's, an archaeologist, digs. "Honeneger's" writings are based on the work of Bonnet. Education Development Center, Inc. holds the copyright to the info Kenndo got off the Nubianet page. The EDC's website, [URL=http://www.dignubia.org/sitecredits/]digNubia (clickable link)[/URL], credits their Kerma data to Dr. Charles Bonnet and the Sudan Archaeological Mission of the University of Geneva, Switzerland. For the past 30 years he, and they, have carried on excavations of the Kerma site three months out of every year. The site where the Kesht city of Kerma was built was obviously a prime location that apparently attracted people since the days of Nabta Playa whose inhabitants may well have made some of the neolithic settlements Because the same basic economic and cultural traits are identifiable in all stages of the Kerma location, David Keys' observation that [QUOTE] Kerma’s [i]civilisation[/i] emerged out of an ancient pastoral culture that had flourished in that part of Sudan since at least 7000BC when the first settlements were established. [/QUOTE]is a perfectly valid one and shows a certain continuity that characterizes the Middle Nile Valley. Keys, a journalist, may've meant BP since the data doesn't support his BC date (i.e., 7000BC=9000BP whereas 7000BP=5000BC). Urban "Kerma" didn't pop up full blown out of nowhere and couldn't've arisen in the form it did without the successions of thousands of years of previous inhabitants at the site; neolithic, A & C groups (?), Yam, to Kush. I wrote Kerma in quotes because that's really the name of the modern village currently at that location. Its actually Keshli name is unknown. The "Honegger report" uses only three of the three dozen known settlements to illustrate a summary of "Nubian settlements between the 8th and the 3rd millennia cal. BC." We shouldn't imagine these to be examples of a one and only neolithic or preKerma town. To know which towns either the ISN or EDC writeups are referring to we need to know the precise archaeologists' designations of each settlement and their phases. There were settlements both east and west of the city of Kerma and previous to it. Here are four. Are any of them included in either of the reports? Without precise labels for them or for the ones in the reports, which we aren't supplied with, we simply can't know. 4500 BCE - ruled town at western edge of Kerma; round houses, cattle corrals 3850 BCE - town east of Kerma; houses, fences, storage pits 3500 BCE - ruled town at western edge of Kerma; round houses, cattle corrals 1850 BCE - town east of Kerma; houses, fences, storage pits 1700 BCE - large central town; palaces, houses, temples, walls, moats 1450 BCE - KM.t burns the city, Keshli nobility relocates upriver What I gather is that there were broad phases of settlement at the 50 acre Kerma location so that the labels neolithic settlement and pre-Kerma settlement refer to temporal ranges either of which includes many settlements. No one of the several settlements is THE neolithic Kerma town or THE pre-Kerma town. [QUOTE]Originally posted by Supercar: [qb] It would seem that the “older town”, “traces” of which appear in the “Pre-Kerma Town”, is not the [i]Pre-Kerma[/i] town, and has yet to be named, and perhaps its further relation with the “Pre-Kerma town” has to be specified. These could well be traces of older structures during the transition to increasing “permanent settlements” into the region, in contrast to the situation implied in the earlier/Neolithic settlements, i.e. as Honegger put it, [i][b]paucity of known settlements[/b] has sometimes been interpreted as [b]reflecting the mobility of human groups.[/b][/i] [and perhaps "seasonal" settlements]. [/qb][/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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