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KUSH: Ancient Sudan including Egypt's Nubian and sandstone regions
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by alTakruri: [QB] [QUOTE] But recent excavations at Kerma have revealed that while Lower Nubia was falling under Egyptian control and loosing its inhabitants, a complex society was emerging in the Kerma Basin. There, east of the Antique town of Kerma, in an area that became later its necropolis, the eroded remains of a settlement, which may have extended over 2 ha at least and which has been dated around 3000 BC, have been unearthed since 1986. The occupation layer is unfortunately very poorly preserved, hence the information on the material culture and subsistence patterns rather limited. But remains of features, mainly storage pits, hearths and postholes, allow a reconstruction of the internal arrangement of the site. According to Honegger (1999), who publishes a convincing plan, at this stage of the work precise recording of the postholes indicates, in the excavated areas, «around 50 circular huts which must have served as houses and, in the case of the smaller ones, possibly grain stores», «two rectangular buildings … possibly related to the administrative or religious systems of the community» and «numerous palisades». Some of the latter «seem to demarcate divisions of the interior habitation area», while «the majority … could constitute an encircling fortification» with «large bastions related to one of the entrances of the town, following a model known in the ancient city of Kerma». Although there are some doubts about the actual function of those fences, because their form «evokes also a cattle enclosure», the size of the settlement, its internal layout as well as other data such as the use of wattle and daub and the durability of the occupation evidenced by regular reconstruction, point to a complex social organisation not met anywhere else for that time-period in Nubia. This would also involve a related territory that, as far as I know, has not yet been evaluated. Indeed such an evaluation would require an approach of settlement patterns and economic behaviour on a regional basis, that present information does not allow. Future research will certainly indicate a settlement of increasing size related to an expending territory that, as suggested by its discoverer (Bonnet 2000 : 10), was the forerunner of antique Kerma which, according to him, came into existence in about 2400 BC, when that settlement moved west near the main branch of the Nile. [b]Francis Geus[/b] [i]The Middle Nile Valley from Later Prehistory to the end of the New Kingdom[/i] Tenth International Conference of the International Society for Nubian Studies September 9-14, 2002 - Rome, Italy [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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