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KUSH: Ancient Sudan including Egypt's Nubian and sandstone regions
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Hotep2u: [qb] Here we show some DNA evidence showing a DIFFERENCE between Kerma and Kush notably the Gurna People. This should explain why Kerma sided with the hyksos and Kush sided with Kemet. Here is a very good study done on the area called Nubia. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x [/qb][/QUOTE]Forgive me since I haven't been following all the info here yet, but I thought that Kerma was the capital of Kush. Is there really a difference between Kerman and Kush? [QUOTE] According to the population pairwise differentiation test (Appendix Ib), most of these populations appear not significantly different (with alpha value equal to 0.01), with the exception of the outgroup which is different from all the other populations. [b]Only the Nubian population from Kerma and the Sudanese population from Dinka display a significant difference with some populations[/b] (Kerma with Assiout, Mansoura, Upper Egypt and Dongola populations, and Dinka with Kerma and Mansoura populations), although the Fst values are under 0.10 for all these populations [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] [b]The Gurna area could be the meeting point of two independent waves of migration from the Near East and from sub-Saharan Africa[/b] , as suggested by the central position of the Gurna population in the unrooted NJ tree and the genetic and the nucleotidic diversity of the analysed populations. The presence in the Gurna gene pool of haplogroups found in Near Eastern populations but absent in sub-Saharan ones (like U4), and haplogroups found in sub-Saharan populations but only sporadically present in Near Eastern ones (like L1), reinforces this observation. [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] However, the Gurnawi gene pool does not consist of a simple combination of Near Eastern and sub-Saharan gene pools, but also includes an East African specific component. This situation has already been observed for the Ethiopian gene pool (Passarino et al. 1998). Thus, the report of a second population in this geographic area showing a similar distribution of mtDNA haplotypes, including the same high frequency of a specific haplogroup (M1), [b]raises the question of a hypothetical presence of an ancestral East African population.[/b] Such a population, as evoked by Passarino et al. (1998) for Ethiopia, [b]could have settled on a wider area from Egypt to Ethiopia [/b] (including Sudan), the differences observed in current populations being due to further influences from neighbours (South Arabian peninsula for Ethiopia (Maca-Meyer et al. 2001), sub-Saharan input for Sudan as demonstrated in this study by a high exchange rate between Sudanese and Kenyan populations). A similar hypothesis of the existence of an ancestral population characterized by a specific haplogroup could also be evoked in the Maghreb with the U6 haplogroup (Brakez et al. 2001; Rando et al. 1998). The results of this study point to a genetic structure of the Gurna population similar to that of the Ethiopian one. This population structure has probably been conserved in some other Egyptian populations even though those which have already been analyzed, such as Mansoura, Assiout and Cairo, failed to show the same characteristics. Mansoura, Assiout and Cairo are very big cities with much continuous and current admixture of individuals from several other regions and countries forming great melting pots. Consequently, data from these great conurbations could be somewhat biased. More extensive investigation of the genetic structure of Egyptians from other villages and from Ethiopian and Sudanese populations will be required to complete the understanding of the structuring of the current population from the ancestral East African population.[/QUOTE]So the question is what do these folks really mean by Near Eastern ancestry?? Notice how they distinguish East African ancestry from Sub-Saharan ancestry as if East Africa is not part of Sub-Sahara. What do they studies really define, recent population movements or ancient ones? [/QB][/QUOTE]
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