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The African Foundation of Modern Spain (The Berbers)
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Supercar: [QB] Certainly the Saharan west Afrasan speakers, like the Tuaregs and others in Niger, Mali and Mauritanian region, mainly from the latter, i.e. Mauritanian region, conquered North Africa, and eventually did the same in Spain. Thus the earliest Berber colonizers of Spain, were the Almoravids, who were then succeeded by their more northern west Afrasan speakers, in coastal North Africa. The latter were Almohads. The Almoravids were more akin physically to tropical Africans than the coastal northern African counterparts. Even so, notwithstanding higher frequency of light-skin west Afrasan speakers in coastal North African areas, there are still relatively heavily pigmented west Afrasan groups among them, as demonstrated earlier in the groups in Tunisia. Recalling on... [b][i]Female gene pools of Berber and Arab neighboring communities in central Tunisia: microstructure of mtDNA variation in North Africa.[/i][/b] Cherni L, Loueslati BY, Pereira L, Ennafaa H, Amorim A, El Gaaied AB. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar II 1060, Tunisia. North African populations are considered genetically closer to Eurasians than to sub-Saharans. However, they display a considerably high mtDNA heterogeneity among them, namely in the frequencies of the U6, East African, and sub-Saharan haplogroups. In this study, we describe and [b]compare the female gene pools of two neighboring Tunisian populations, Kesra (Berber) and Zriba (non-Berber)[/b], which have contrasting historical backgrounds. [b]Both populations presented lower diversity values than those observed for other North African populations, and they were the only populations not showing significant negative Fu's F(S) values.[/b] [b]Kesra displayed[/b] a much [b]higher proportion of typical sub-Saharan haplotypes (49%, including 4.2% of M1 haplogroup) than Zriba (8%).[/b] With respect to U6 sequences, frequencies were low (2% in Kesra and 8% in Zriba), and all belonged to the subhaplogroup U6a. An analysis of these data in the context of North Africa reveals that the emerging picture is complex, because [b]Zriba would match the profile of a Berber Moroccan population, whereas Kesra, which shows twice the frequency of sub-Saharan lineages normally observed in northern coastal populations, would match a western Saharan population except for the low U6 frequency.[/b] [b]The North African patchy mtDNA landscape has no parallel in other regions of the world[/b] and increasing the number of sampled populations has not been accompanied by any substantial increase in our understanding of its phylogeography. [b]Available data up to now rely on sampling small, scattered populations, although they are carefully characterized in terms of their ethnic, linguistic, and historical backgrounds.[/b] [b]It is therefore doubtful that this picture truly represents the complex historical demography of the region rather than being just the result of the type of samplings performed so far.[/b] Elsewhere... [i]“The medieval Priego sample showed greater affinities to North-Africa than other Iberian Peninsula samples including that of present day Priego. Haplotype analysis revealed that some African heliotypes detected in Medieval Priego have matches with samples of [b]precise north African origin as Tunisia, west-Sahara or the Canary Islands point to well documented historic connections with this area.[/b] However, medieval Priego L1b lineages carrying the 16175 transition have their most related counterparts in Europe instead of Africa. The coalescence age for these L1b lineages is compatible with a minor prehistoric African influence on Priego that also reached other European areas.”[/i] - A. Gonzalez et al., 2006 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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