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Inspection of Keita’s term of "coastal northern [African] pattern"
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Supercar: [QB] More noteworthy excerpts from Keita: [b]The peopling of what is [i]now[/i] the Egyptian Nile Valley[/b], judging from archaeological and biological data, was apparently the result of a complex interaction between coastal northern Africans, “neolithic” Saharans, Nilotic hunters, and riverine proto-Nubians with some influence and migration from the Levant (Hassan, 1988). The major variability of early “Egyptians” is thus seen to have been mainly established in the [i]proto-predynastic period[/i] by the settling of all of these peoples. [b]No ongoing major [i]mass[/i] movements of new groups into the valley are postulated between the early pre-dynastic and the latest dynastic period, with the possible exception of the Asiatic Hyksos.[/b] Internal movements did occur. Given all of the data, these explanations of variability and its temporal origin are more plausible than Smith’s migration (1916) theories [or Oliver’s (1981) view echoing Morton (1844), which sees the presence of Egyptians with Negroid phenotypes as being the result of slavery during dynastic times!] The people with the various described phenotypes were united very early by a developing common culture. [b]**By the time of the unification they were all “indigenous” and primarily African in origin.**[/b] [b]No major migrations need be invoked in most cases in dynastic times to explain variation.[/b] The next migrations of probable major genetic impact were during the late dynastic periods and beyond, after Assyrian, Persian, Greek, and Roman ascensions. The predominant cranio-metric pattern in the Abydos royal tombs is “southern” (tropical African variant), and this is consistent with what would be expected based on the literature and other results (Keita, 1990). This pattern is seen in both group and unknown analyses. However, lower Egyptian, Maghrebian, and European patterns are ob- served also, thus making for great diversity. [b]The Maghrebian affinities may be difficult to interpret, given that this series contains a range of variation from tropical African to European metric phenotypes (Keita, 1990)[/b]. It is not possible to say, because of the complex geometry of the multivariate method (Blakith and Reyment, 1971), what more specific affinities individual crania may have. [b]The Maghreb series does have a modal pattern most similar to [i]late[/i] lower dynastic Egyptians (Keita, 1990).[/b] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Obelisk_18: Supercar, dawg, be patient, I was in class so I couldn't respond :o I kinda get what you're saying about "northern coastal africans phenotypes" but you still break it down further to laymen's terms, cause I'm not that trained in anthropology :) [/QUOTE]My bad then. :) But to put it simply, Saharo-tropical cranio-morphological range comprises all sorts of cranial patterns from the so-called "broad" nasal index, prognathus, round-face, to narrow nasal index, orthoganus, "narrow faces", and so forth. Keita sees the northern Egyptian proto-dynastic and early dynastic groups as largely of indigenous extraction, from early Nile Valley settlers from Saharo-tropical regions, who "might" have seen some gene flow from the "Near East" before state formation of dynastic Egypt, but not in the sense of "mass migration" from the Levant, and not enough to really make much of an impact on pre-existing Nile Valley populations, who would have still had ties with their upper Nile Valley counterparts, lineage-wise; Any potential immigrant from the "Near East" in Lower Egypt would have assimilated and become part of the pre-existing or developing African cultural complex, rather than supplanting it. In upper Egypt, meanwhile, we are already familiar with the relatively superior social organizations over there, spanning the proto-dynastic to state formation, not to mention, larger population sizes over here at the time. So in a nutshell, development of complex social organization in the Nile Valley through to state formation of dynastic Egypt had nothing to do with "mass migration" into the Nile Valley. Ps - The lack of clear assessment on the "starting orientation" [as Keita put it] of Lower pre-dynastic Egyptian specimens, from a cranio-morphological standpoint, has to do with very poor conservation of pre-dynastic Lower Egyptian skeletal remains. Keeping in mind how fluid craniometry can be, based on either evolutionary convergence (parallel evolution) and/or gene flow,… Coastal north African pattern can be interpreted as: “…northern modal pattern, which can be called [i][b]coastal northern African[/b][/i], is noted in general terms to be [b]intermediate[/b], by the centroid scores of Function I, [b]to [i]equatorial African[/i] and [i]northern European phenotypes[/i][/b].” - Keita Example #1: “The Maghrebian affinities may be difficult to interpret, given that [b]this series contains a range of [i]variation from tropical African[/i] to [i]European metric phenotypes[/i] (Keita, 1990).[/b] Example #2: [b]**The Lower Egyptian pattern is [i]intermediate[/i] to that of the [i]various northern Europeans[/i] and [i]West African[/i] and [i]Khoisan series.[/i][/b] - Keita [/QB][/QUOTE]
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