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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] The Draa Valley in Morocco is a place where many black Moroccans live. In fact the name Draawa is said to refer to the dark skinned populations from the Draa Valley by Moroccans elsewhere in Morocco. The Saadi Dynasty of Morocco originated in the Draa Valley. Those Zagoran performers would fit this description and are an example of the Southern black African Moroccan presence, who are NOT descended from slaves, as is often said for people like the Gnawa. [QUOTE] The water from the Draa is used to irrigate Palmeraies and small horticulture along the river. The inhabitants of the Draa are called Draawa (an exonym), the most famous Draawi undoubtedly being mawlay Mohammed ash-Sheikh. Outside of the Draa region this name is mostly used to refer to the dark skinned people of Draa which make up the largest portion of its inhabitants. [/QUOTE]From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draa_River The city of Tamegroute is also famous in Morocco as the place where Sufism officially became accepted in Moroccan culture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamegroute The region is also famous for the Venus of Tan Tan, one of the oldest human figurines ever found, dating from somewhere arount 300,000 to 500,000 years ago. The region is also famous for its prehistoric rock art. So, as you can see, this is another example of the black African presence in this area of Africa. The Saadi dynasty is said to have come from this area and are responsible for famous tombs in Marrakesch: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadian_Tombs The Saadians are an example of historic Moroccan leaders who have been quasi puppets of various European powers. Many of the more modern rulers have also had to balance European geopolitical interests with their own agenda. Thami El Glaoui is another example of such a puppet. But much of this love/hate relationship between Morocco and Europe can be seen in the history of the Saadian dynasty, where various heirs appealed to European and other outside powers to help them conquer various cities in Morocco: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_II_Saadi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Marwan_Abd_al-Malik_I_Saadi This ultimately led to the destruction of Timbuktu by a mostly foreign Army under Al Mansour: [QUOTE] Most of those chosen by al-Mansur to take part in the invasion were not of Moroccan origin. The force was so overwhelmingly extranational in origin that the official language of the expedition was Spanish. Op Cit Bovill p.168. In The Golden Trade of the Moors Bovill breaks down the force by both profe ssion and nationality. He concluded that the constitution of the force demonstrates that Al-Mansur lacked faith in his countrymen as soldiers. Of the four thousand who left Morocco only fifteen hundred light cavalry men were Moroccan. The remainder of the force included two thousand footmen, half of which were armed with the arquebus and an additional five hundred mounted arquebusers. The strength of the force came from later twenty-five hundred troops which was composed of Aldalsians and renegades. Spanish Moors who had migrated to Morocco T his group provided the stability, power and structure for the army. The large numbers of troops present required the immense numbers of camels brought to transport the munitions, food, water, and other supplies for the long march and the following battl e. A number of historians wrote that an earlier invasion attempt may have taken place in which al-Mansur sent more troops and less supplies. If the rumors of an earlier invasion are accurate, the men send died in the desert except for a single survivor. [/QUOTE] http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/morco_1591.html So, the Saadi dynasty, even if it was made up of blacks from the Draa valley, were really very responsible for the destruction of the important center of learning for black Africans in Timbuktu. And this episode is a perfect example of the European presence and impact on the history of Morocco since the Moors and how this presence, combined with the influence of Arabs has meant death and destruction for the black Africans in Morocco and North Africa. All of which would give rise to the next dynasty in Morocco, the Alouite dynasty, whose chief Moulay Ismail would NOT use Berber armies, since they were known for their shifting allegiences. It is at this time that the Black Guard was formed with many soldiers from Senegal and it may be that many of the early rulers of the Alouites were black themselves. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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