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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] As I pointed out earlier the dance styles of the various Berber groups is where you see the "soul" of these groups and how these traditions are undeniably black African, even though many of these groups no longer identify as "black". It is funny too, since this is about the only time you will regularly see any black berbers in any real sense: The various styles are: THE GUEDRA THE TASKIOUINE/TASKIWINE (warrior dance) THE AHIDOU (Marriage dance) http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Country_Specific/Morco_folkl.html Another really good video showing many of these styles and the undeniable Africannes of Berber culture: http://www.dailymotion.com/tag/imintanout/video/xytvo_varietes-dahwach-amazigh-3eme-parti From: http://www.dailymotion.com/tag/imintanout At this point it must be blatantly obvious that the history of these Berber groups is more sophisticated than what is often represented. This is where you need to get access to the histories written by the muslims and Arabs in the various universities in Morocco. Then go to the histories and traditions written in the books of Mauretania, Mali and the Tuaregs. Then you need the oral histories of the modern populations of these areas. No small task, but quite necessary to fill in the true histories of black Africans in these areas. One note about Berber identity: the term Amazigh is actually one of two phrases, the other is Ismkhan. Ismkhan is the name for slave in Berber culture, while Amazigh is used to refer to the "free men". Of course the free men equates to "white" Berbers, while "slave" refers to blacks. This trend of identifying whites with free men and blacks with slaves is seen so often throughout moroccan history that it seems to be purely an expression of racial superiority. In other words, while white concubines were taken as slaves by Muslims and produced various Kings, they are never referred to as son of slaves. However, when a king is born of a black concubine slave, automatically he is the son of a slave. This obvious double standard therefore makes the presence of blacks in Moroccan history even harder to detect, since many of these indigenous blacks were run out of Morocco by Arabs and others and then any traces of these populations still in Morocco and the history of Morocco are automatically labelled as "descendants of slaves". So, if you were to go and ask the Amazigh in Morocco about these black performers, it may be that they will call them Imskhan and not "true" Berbers. Some photos of Berbers doing the Guedra: http://www.chegagatravel.free.fr/trad.htm Members of the group Erg Smar, traditional songs of the bedouins of the caravans: http://www.chegagatravel.free.fr/ges.htm More about that video I posted with the dancers with swords. It is called the sword dance (la danse de l'épée) and done by the group Sif Zagora. [QUOTE] Akellal Sif Zagora: the dance of the sword the Moroccan women of popular arts ' I am opriginaire valley of Draa, the dance of the sword recalls for us the origins Bedouins of the tribe.... THEY are the rates/rhythms to the sound of the Daf: essential instrument for the song, it is in the form of rhombus... Our art marks the strong moments of the relation man women. Two young men enter in duel to the sword for a woman who is in the center... ' [/QUOTE]Translated from: http://www.emarrakech.info/Les-femmes-marocaines-des-arts-populaires_a1004.html (Akellal sif seems to be the berber name for the area around Zagora) More on the Guedra (supposedly a tuareg dance): http://www.vatsatanssi.fi/tanssityylit/guedra.htm Another type of tuareg from Morocco and Mauretanian not often seen anymore?? (with the bandoliers) These are some of the ones labelled as the Moors earlier in this thread. They are als o the remnants of those who ran the caravan trails and the ones who became famous selling camels in the old souk cities in the South of Morocco at Goulimime. This is where the Guedra originates. Some of these photos were taken of their camps at Tan Tan in Southern Morocco. http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/61M_1-tee_fur_uns.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/74M_1-zum_gebet.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/48M_1-reiter1.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/75M_1-tuareg2.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/57M_1-tanz_der_guedra.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/66M_1-Kamele-tuaregs.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/63M_1-beobachtung.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/51M_1-festplatz_tan_tan.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/59M_1-taureg_frauen.jpg http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/reiterspiele_1.jpg [QUOTE] the Tuaregs from Morocco, Algeria and Mauritania in the desert with Tan Tan too were can-celebrated and acted a whole week, also the dance of the Guedra could we experience see. [/QUOTE]From: http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/marokko.html More Tuareg: http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/012.JPG http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/010-jens-tuareg.JPG http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/023-tuaregMarrakech.JPG http://www.jens-friedrich.com/Marokko/35M_1-medizinmann.jpg More musical styles: (photos, clips) http://hodnatv.site.voila.fr/bechar.html (clips dont work but I am sure if you google the names you will find stuff) Example: Hasna Becharia http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/hasna_el_becharia_41237 (note the reference to the Arab/Berber wedding music traditions on this page, therefore showing the extent to which Arabs and Berbers have been intermarrying, North African caste system: 1. Arab, 2. Berber, 3. African) but even within this there are the contradictions where some black Africans can be included in all three. Music clips: http://www.alwatan.ma/html/Chaines/Culture/Musique/index.asp Some more old postcards from Morocco: http://www.abcdelacpa.com/8561.jpg (arabs?) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/8540.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/8496.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/8594.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/8587.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/8569.jpg ( black rif Berber?) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/142695.jpg (moors?) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/142699.jpg (berbers) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/142686.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/142674.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/142679.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/142691.jpg (important men on horses.... mostly black!) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/142687.jpg (Zammour berber?) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/maroc/189.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/maroc/235.jpg http://www.abcdelacpa.com/maroc/223.jpg (female arabs, so called berbers of today) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/maroc/221.jpg (black Atlas Berbers) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/maroc/202.jpg (black Nomads) More postcards: http://www.abcdelacpa.com/algerie_colomb_bechar.html (These are Mokhazenis, hired native guards for the colonial French) http://www.abcdelacpa.com/1150.jpg From: http://www.abcdelacpa.com/maroc_scenes_types.html Dances from the islamic world: http://www.ladanzadelvientre.cl/web/reportaje_danzas_medio_oriente.php The more I look at it the more it strikes me that the white berbers in dress and custom remind me more of a blend of the traditions and cultures of other populations from the Levant and Europe with customs of Africa. I dont see them as being purely indigenous, but a mix of traditions. Even the arabs themselves have said how they see traditions from Arabia, Syria and elsewhere in some of these peoples historically. Also I ran across this: the Tahtib a dance using sticks from Egypt. It seems to be closely related to the Saidi dance from Upper Egypt. The funny thing I have noticed is the similarity between such stick and cane dances throughout Africa with African American fraternity "steps". Here is a video comparing the tahtib(a sad imitation of the African Egyptian stick dance) and the Kappa steps. http://forum.orientaldancer.net/video-clips-youtube/1517-tahtib.html?highlight=tahtib Actually for a better comparison, look at the sword dance video I posted earlier and compare that with the Kappa step. A much better comparison in my opinion showing the continuity of black African experience from ancient times to modern. (and how white culture has come to coopt it in many ways). The key here is that many of these dances, like those of the Berbers are all dances of "fraternity" or kinship in one way or other. Many African groups also have such performances of their own dance styles and customs which show clearly the origins of such fraternal customs in Africa. A better tahtib video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dowIWbQhVgs But note these are Arabized versions of ancient African styles. Note also that the Egyptian females also had a version of this dance, as do many other African groups. Female version: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmviPpYym50&mode=related&search= More here: http://www.jasminjahal.com/articles/01_06_folkloric.html [/QB][/QUOTE]
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