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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] Link to nubian museum I meant to post earlier: http://homepage.powerup.com.au/~ancient/preview.htm Link to an article about a researcher digging at Gebel Berkal and showing the continuing distortion about the relationship between Egypt and "Nubia" (mainly that there was no Nubia in ancient times and in actuality Nubian in Egyptian is a sacred word, that refers to the golden ones, the gods and the ancestors.... another reference to the South). [QUOTE] The ancient Greek historian Diodorus Siculus wrote that Nubia was the original home of the Egyptians and the fountainhead of civilization. He called them Aethiopies, "the burned-face ones," because they were said to be Earth's firstborn and thus stood closest to the sun. "The Greeks and Romans romanticized the Nubians as a people living in a pure state," Kendall says. Egyptian conquest texts, on the other hand, seldom refer to Nubia without describing it as "wretched," and when Nubians appear in tomb reliefs they are usually being led in shackles or bearing tribute to the pharaohs. Tutankhamen symbolized his hold on the detestable hinterlands by carrying ceremonial staffs and canes whose handles were fashioned in the form of Nubians, their arms bound behind their backs. He ordered that Nubian figures be embroidered on the soles of his slippers and carved on the legs of his footstools so that he could perpetually trample them. As 19th-century archaeologists came to rely more and more on Egypt's propagandistic texts, they turned away from classical histories. "The ancient Egyptian attitude towards Nubia took root in their minds, until by the end of the century it had entirely supplanted the old notion of Nubia as the well-spring of civilization," Adams writes in Nubia: Corridor to Africa. "Something of the same attitude is conveyed in the nineteenth-century term 'Darkest Africa.' African darkness, as the Victorians conceived it, was more than a matter of skin colour; it was a darkness of the mind as well." [/QUOTE] http://www.discover.com/issues/dec-05/features/nubia-black-pharaohs/?page=2 (How about European archeologists chose to ignore the evidence and focus on whatever they could to reinforce their own stereotypes. Even though the U.S. is a former colony of Britain doesnt mean that they were always friendly.....) Discovery of the oldest habitation yet found on the Nile.... In Sudan ("Nubia"): [QUOTE] 2. Nubia's Oldest House? Some of the most important evidence of early man in Nubia was discovered recently by an expedition of the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, under the direction of Dr. Kryzstof Grzymski, on the east bank of the Nile, about 70 miles (116 km) south of Dongola, Sudan. During the early 1990's, this team discovered several sites containing hundreds of Paleolithic hand axes. At one site, however, the team identified an apparent stone tool workshop, where thousands of sandstone hand axes and flakes lay on the ground around a row of large stones set in a line, suggesting the remains of a shelter. This seems to be the earliest "habitation" site yet discovered in the Nile Valley and may be up to 70,000 years old. What the Nubian environment was like throughout these distant times, we cannot know with certainty, but it must have changed many times. For many thousands of years it was probably far different than what it is today. Between about 50,000 to 25,000 years ago, the hand axe gradually disappeared and was replaced with numerous distinctive chipped stone industries that varied from region to region, suggesting the presence in Nubia of many different peoples or tribal groups dwelling in close proximity to each other. When we first encounter skeletal remains in Nubia, they are those of modern man: homo sapiens. 3. Nubia's Oldest Battle? From about 25,000 to 8,000 years ago, the environment gradually evolved to its present state. From this phase several very early settlement sites have been identified at the Second Cataract, near the Egypt-Sudan border. These appear to have been used seasonally by people leading a semi-nomadic existence. The people hunted, fished, and ground wild grain. The first cemeteries also appear, suggesting that people may have been living at least partly sedentary lives. One cemetery site at Jebel Sahaba, near Wadi Halfa, Sudan, contained a number of bodies that had suffered violent deaths and were buried in a mass grave. This suggests that people, even 10,000 years ago, had begun to compete with each other for resources and were willing to kill each other to control them. [/QUOTE] http://www.nubianet.org/about/about_history1.html And this is not the only evidence that shows that the earliest human activity along the Nile was on the Upper Nile, therefore giving much credence to what the Egyptians said themselves about the ancestors being from the South and West, notwithstanding the so-called debates of European historians who dont want to accept it. Just as an exercise, look at the photos on this page and you should see something familiar. If you say Saqqarah you are on the right track: http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/hierakonpolis/field/2004a.html (Hint look at the dig house.) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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