...
Post A Reply
my profile
|
directory
login
|
register
|
search
|
faq
|
forum home
»
EgyptSearch Forums
»
Egyptology
»
OT: R*-M173 back migration
» Post A Reply
Post A Reply
Login Name:
Password:
Message Icon:
Message:
HTML is not enabled.
UBB Code™ is enabled.
[QUOTE]Originally posted by Mystery Solver: [QB] Take this for example from Quetzalcoatl's reference, the likes of which have led me to my earlier statement: [b]Concomitant Replacement of Language and mtDNA in South Caspian Populations of Iran[/b] Ivan Nasidze1, , , Dominique Quinque1, Manijeh Rahmani2, Seyed Ali Alemohamad3 and Mark Stoneking1 1Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 2Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Center, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14469-74516, Iran 3Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14469-74516, Iran Received 21 November 2005; revised 6 January 2006; accepted 6 February 2006. Published: April 3, 2006. Available online 3 April 2006. [i][b]Summary[/b] The Gilaki and Mazandarani occupy the South Caspian region of Iran and speak languages belonging to the North-Western branch of Iranian languages [1]. It has been suggested that their ancestors came from the Caucasus region, perhaps displacing an earlier group in the South Caspian [2]. Linguistic evidence supports this scenario, in that the Gilaki and Mazandarani languages (but not other Iranian languages) share certain typological features with Caucasian languages 3 and 4. We analyzed patterns of mtDNA and Y chromosome variation in the Gilaki and Mazandarani. Based on mtDNA HV1 sequences, the Gilaki and Mazandarani most closely resemble their geographic and linguistic neighbors, namely other Iranian groups. However, their Y chromosome types most closely resemble those found in groups from the South Caucasus. A scenario that explains these differences is a south Caucasian origin for the ancestors of the Gilaki and Mazandarani, followed by introgression of women (but not men) from local Iranian groups, possibly because of patrilocality. Given that both mtDNA and language are maternally transmitted, the incorporation of local Iranian women would have resulted in the concomitant replacement of the ancestral Caucasian language and mtDNA types of the Gilaki and Mazandarani with their current Iranian language and mtDNA types. Concomitant replacement of language and mtDNA may be a more general phenomenon than previously recognized.[/i] Jumping to the relevant portion of the study: [i][b]Y Chromosome Variation[/b] Overall, seven Y-SNP haplogroups were found in the Gilaki and ten haplogroups were found in the Mazandarani (Table S2). Haplogroup J2*(M172) was found at [b]high frequency[/b] in both groups, as was haplogroup R1*(M173); together, these two haplogroups [b]account for more than 50% [/b]of Mazandarani and Gilaki Y chromosomes. Interestingly, the frequency of [b]haplogroup J2*(M172)[/b] in these groups is more similar to the frequency in South Caucasus groups than in other Iranian groups 5 and 6. Moreover, [b]haplogroup I*(M170)[/b] is found at high frequency in the Iranian groups from Tehran and Isfahan, but is absent in the Mazandarani and Gilaki and is in low frequency in the South Caucasus groups (Table S2). The pairwise Fst value (Table 1) between the Mazandarani and Gilaki groups was not significantly different from zero (Fst = 0.003, p = 0.337). In contrast to the mtDNA results, both groups showed greater similarity with South Caucasian populations than with their geographic and linguistic neighbors, namely other Iranians (Fst = 0.013 and 0.084 for Mazandarani versus South Caucasian and versus Iranians, respectively; and Fst = 0.010 and 0.072 for Gilaki versus South Caucasian and versus Iranians, respectively). The MDS analysis (Figure 2B) further illustrates these patterns. The Mazandarani and Gilaki groups fall inside a major cluster consisting of populations from the Caucasus and West Asia and are particularly close to the South Caucasus groups—Georgians, Armenians, and Azerbaijanians. Iranians from Tehran and Isfahan are situated more distantly from these groups. Three haplogroups were found at high frequencies in the Mazandarani and Gilaki groups ([b]R1*(M173)[/b], [b]G*(M201[/b]), and [b]J2*(M172[/b])); to further investigate the relationships of these groups based on these three Y-SNP haplogroups, we typed nine Y-STR loci in individuals with these Y-SNP haplogroups and compared the results with the same set of Y-STR loci on the same Y-SNP background that were typed previously in the groups from the South Caucasus and Iran [7]. Reduced median networks of the Y-STR haplotypes (Figure S2) further indicate a closer relationship of the Mazandarani/Gilaki Y-STR haplotypes with South Caucasian Y-STR haplotypes than with Iranian Y-STR haplotypes. This is most evident in the network for Y-STR haplotypes on the background of haplogroup [b]R1*(M173)[/b], in which [b]9 of 11[/b] Mazandarani/Gilaki Y-STR haplotypes fall into a [b]single cluster[/b] that [b]connects with South Caucasian Y-STR haplotypes[/b], and for haplogroup [b]G*M201[/b], in which 9 of 12 Mazandarani/Gilaki Y-STR haplotypes group with South Caucasian Y-STR haplotypes while the other three could be of either Iranian or South Caucasian origin (Figure S2). For haplogroup [b]J2*(M172)[/b], the pattern is less clear: six Mazandarani/Gilaki Y-STR haplotypes group with South Caucasian haplotypes and three group with Iranian haplotypes, while the remaining six haplotypes could be of either Iranian or South Caucasian origin (Figure S2). The patterns observed in the median networks are further supported by pairwise Rst comparisons for Y-STR haplotypes within each Y haplogroup (Figure 3); the Mazandarani/Gilaki are more similar to South Caucasian groups than to Iranian groups for Y-STR haplotypes within all three Y-SNP haplogroups. Nevertheless, the sample sizes in these analyses are small and thus the results could change with further sampling. However, while some contribution of Y chromosomes of Iranian origin to the Mazandarani/Gilaki cannot be excluded, overall the Y chromosome data do indicate a closer relationship of the Mazandarani and Gilaki with South Caucasian groups than with Iranian groups.[/i] Recap from above, for example: [i]Reduced median networks of the Y-STR haplotypes (Figure S2) further indicate a closer relationship of the Mazandarani/Gilaki Y-STR haplotypes with South Caucasian Y-STR haplotypes than with Iranian Y-STR haplotypes. This is most evident in the network for Y-STR haplotypes on the background of haplogroup [b]R1*(M173)[/b], in which [b]9 of 11[/b] Mazandarani/Gilaki Y-STR haplotypes fall into a [b]single cluster[/b] that [b]connects with South Caucasian Y-STR haplotypes[/b], and for haplogroup [b]G*M201[/b], in which 9 of 12 Mazandarani/Gilaki Y-STR haplotypes group with South Caucasian Y-STR haplotypes while the other three could be of either Iranian or South Caucasian origin (Figure S2).[/i] What is this talk of 9 of out 11 R1*-M173 chromosomes falling into a "single" cluster? The authors go onto point out that: [i][b]Y Chromosome Analysis[/b] All 100 samples were typed for the X- and Y-linked zinc finger protein genes in order to confirm the gender of the sample [25]. Genotyping was carried out for [b]ten[/b] Y chromosomal [b]SNP markers (RPS4Y (M130), M9, M89, M124, M45, M173, M17, M201, M170, and M172[/b] [26]) and [b]YAP Alu insertion[/b] polymorphism [27] as described elsewhere 6, 9, 27, 28 and 29. The samples were genotyped according to the hierarchical order of the markers as described in [26]. Published Y-SNP data for Caucasian, European, West Asian, and Central Asian groups 6, 22, 30, 31 and 32 were also included in some analyses. [b]Eleven samples[/b] belonging to Y-SNP [b]haplogroup R1*(M173), samples[/b] belonging to [b]haplogroup G*(M201)[/b], and [b]17 samples[/b] belonging to [b]haplogroup J2*(M172)[/b] were [b]genotyped for nine Y chromosome short tandem repeat[/b] (Y-STR) markers: [b]DYS19 (DYS394), DYS385a, DYS385b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393[/b] as described elsewhere 33 and 34. The resulting Y-STR haplotypes were compared to published Y-STR haplotypes from these same haplogroups from Iran and the south Caucasus [7].[/i] How the heck does one have all the genotyped markers, each distinct from the others, fall into undifferentiated groups? Makes no sense, [i]unless[/i]...one gets it from the context that I mentioned earlier. [/QB][/QUOTE]
Instant Graemlins
Instant UBB Code™
What is UBB Code™?
Options
Disable Graemlins in this post.
*** Click here to review this topic. ***
Contact Us
|
EgyptSearch!
(c) 2015 EgyptSearch.com
Powered by UBB.classic™ 6.7.3