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Yam an expansive kingdom
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Tukuler: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by [b]Truthcentric[/b]: I wonder if there's any chance that Yam was located somewhere directly south of Nubia, in South Sudan? I don't think much archaeology has been done in that area, but it wouldn't surprise me if a lost kingdom once thrived there that was contemporaneous with Kemet and Kush. Maybe the whole Nile region was laced with kingdoms! [/QUOTE]OK that's that O'Connor theory of a 5th-6th cataract Yam. In my opinion a location that far south for [i]Yam[/i] makes the invasion of [i]Temehh[/i], land of the TMHHW/Tjemehu/Tamahou, an unlikely and quite major expedition, surely not one the ruler of [i]Yam[/i] could be disuaded from undertaking due to a merchant's qualms unless considerable fiscal income was at stake. Of course Harkhuf was no ordinary merchant. He was the kind with tight political connexion. This [i]Temehh[/i] is likely to comprise the regions between and surrounding the oases of [i]Kurkur[/i] (west of the 1st cataract), [i]Dunqul[/i] (southwest of the 1st cataract) and [i][b]Salima[/b][/i] (west of the [i]Dal[/i] cataract). This Temehh was the source of the [i]timhhy[/i] stones. In the misnamed "Harris" papyrus they're called the "[i]timhhy stones of Wawat[/i]." Harkhuf tells us he was on the [i]Wehat Road[/i] when he hurried up to catch the ruler of [i]Yam. Wehat[/i] (southern oasis/garden) [i]Road[/i] starts at Kharga ([i]Wehat-rst[/i]) Oasis west of Thebes running SSW to [i]Salima Oasis[/i]. There was another route starting at Qubbet el Hawa (~Elephantine) going through [i]Kurkur[/i] and [i]Dunqul[/i] with its terminal junction at [i]Salima[/i]. From [i]Salima[/i] the [i]Wehat Road[/i] goes on to [i]Kerma[/i]. From the above I surmise that [i]Yam[/i] was immediately south of [i]Wawat[/i] and extended at least to [i]Kerma[/i] and possibly further on to [i]Kawa[/i]. I'm sorry not to find a map online showing all the above place names but the maps in [b]Baines[/b] and [b]Malek's[/b] [i]Ancient Egypt[/i] has them all as well as the trade routes. For etymology on the root tmhh see [URL=http://thenile.phpbb-host.com/phpbb/sutra2000.php&highlight=temeh#2000]Wally's notes (clickable link)[/URL]. The area suggested by "other scholars" below is [i]Bayuda[/i] or [i]Butana[/i] not [i]Yam[/i]. [QUOTE]Other scholars see Elephantine as the starting and end point for each caravan, with the trade goods then being shipped between this southern city and the more northerly capital. They believe that Yam lay further south, perhaps on or near the Shendi Reach of the Nile (above the fifth cataract, near where it divides into the White and Blue Nile). [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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