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Mauri - How could 19th European dictionaries get it so wrong
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [QB] 11th c. Iraqi Christian, Ibn Butlan on “the Berber women... as women whose "color is mostly black though some pale ones can be found among them. If you can find one whose mother is of Kutama, whose father is of Sanhaja, and whose origin is Masmuda, then you will find her naturally inclined to obedience and loyalty in all matters, active in service, suited both to motherhood and to pleasure, for they are the most solicitous in caring for their children.” cited in Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages By Martha A. Brożyna p. 303 2005. In contrast Butlan also goes on to describe the Beja women of Nubia as "golden" in complexion. The same Sanhaja women are written of as "black" (utilizing the Spanish word for blacks) and "Moorish" in the Primera Cronica General of Alfonso X, completed in the 1200s. 1982 - "The events are associated with the Almoravid siege of Valencia after the death of the Cid. Nugaymath Turquia is the leader of a band of three hundred Amazons. They are negresses, their heads were shaven leaving only a topknot..." H.T. Norris - The Berbers in Arab Literature London and New York. (This is a hair style still in use among the Tuareg.) These writings shows the Sanhaja and other Berbers were called black by both Middle Eastern and European people. The references to Masmuda and Ketama Berbers and to the first Berber army in Spain of Zenata stock as "blacks" or "Sudan" by Middle Eastern people are also well known. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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