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WHEN ARABIA WAS "EASTERN ETHIOPIA" - Parts 1 & 2 - revised
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by markellion: [qb] From thread "Has Anyone Read The Unknown Arabs by Tariq Berry?" http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=006609;p=2 Ok there are in fact many accounts of Arabs marrying into royal families and there were migrations to the “western Sudan” probably since very early times but did you post a specific quote about Zaghawa because I think I might have missed it. I thought Zaghawa were supposed to be amongst the oldest people to have kingdoms. This is what was bothering me because I didn’t see specific information on it although maybe they did come from Arabia. I was frustrated because I felt like you weren't giving me any information [QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [qb] It is wrong however to say that populations like the Mande as a whole came from Arabia. On the other hand it is obvious their original ruling classes (Maghira, Zaghwe, Aswanek or Soninke, etc) were peoples of Arabian or Yemenite descent who have mixed with indigenous Africans. Some Fulani also mixed with the Hudin or (Zaghwe or Zaghawa groups) who settled in Abyssinia in pre-Islamic times from southern Arabia. [/qb][/QUOTE] [QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [qb] The Mande and Soninke or Aswanek are the result of mixing with people who came from the north ancient Yemenites because people of Zaghawa and Tuareg origin settled amongst them. [/qb][/QUOTE][URL=http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/from-ethiopia-to-yemen/]"Ethiopias Historic Ties with Yemen" By Richard Pankhurst[/URL] [QUOTE]Standing Conti Rossini on his Head The result of such convergent investigations by scholars working in different fields was that Jacqueline Pirenne, basing herself on the areas material culture, as well as on linguistic and paleographic data, stood Conti Rossinis thesis on its head. [b]She argued that migration was not from Yemen to Ethiopia, but rather in the opposite direction: from Ethiopia to Yemen.[/b][/QUOTE][/qb][/QUOTE]Markellion, it would have been better to respond to ur post on the other posting that deals with the other subject of Tariq's book. Ur responses have little to do with my article on ancient "Ethiopia" - one of the former names of "Arabia". I guess it would have sounded better if I had said the "ruling classes" were composed of indigenous Africans who had mixed with ancient Arabians. This response as u might remember was a response to why some members and Tarik's book pointed out certain Africans proclaimed an ancient Arabian descent. Before I answer ur questions I will have to tell u that Zaghawa (likely the same people as the Zaghwe dynasty or Agaw of Ethiopia) were called "Beriberi" due to East African affiliation. They settled the Nilo-Saharan region of the Kamnuri or Bornu ( who are also today called "Beriberi"), and were affiliated with the Jukon, Kwona, Kwararafa groups among the Hausa, Yoruba and other West Africans. The presence of the Beli-Zaghawa or Erigat (Beja) may also have something to do with the apparently Sabaean tradition of Yarub or Yarab and Hadad (Odudawa) etc. amongst early west African peoples. It is a fact that the Baliyya or Kudh'a (Kuth) and Hud and other tribes of Himyar(Sabaeans) passed over into Africa and prehistoric times and settled along the Nile at Meroe Blue Nile (the Astaborus) although they could not have differed much from people that were already in the region either biologically or culturally. One early inscription dated several centuries B.C. in Abyssinia mentioned the Adthat (Adah), Beshmat (Beshemoth) and Waran "of the tribe of Ark (Arghu)". As I have already mentioned previously on several sites whole tribes of Cushites still occupy modern Arabia including peoples named Afar or Afari, Makhir, Hubir, Wubar, Yubir, Haram, Mahra or Mahara and Kara to name just a few. This has been the case for at least 3000 years if not longer. At some point in time, and according to tradition several points in time, these "Ethiopians" moved from the Tihama (also known as Kush), Yemen and parts of the Asir region fled into Africa as well as India northward to Syria. This occured at various times previous to 1,000 B.C. Such movements as I mentioned above have been pretty much documented through archeology. The problem previously was that European scholars assumed they were different from the population they settled among. However, the region extending to the Indian Ocean had been occupied by Africans and involved trading amongst themselves for thousands of years or since the neolithic as also now acknowledged by archeologists. Some of these people coming back into Africa were Jewish or Yehudi and gave were ancestral to tribes like the Hudin, Falasha and Sambara who moved southward and westward over centuries giving birth to such peoples Lemba, and other Jewish groups amongst West Africans where they were also "mixed" with indigenous African populations. Other groups were "Hebraic" but not necessarily Jewish. This is the cause of Josephus' reference to the descendants of Keturah becoming the occupants of the trogodyte regions of Africa. "From Antiquites of the Jews - Chapter 15 Entitled - "HOW THE NATION OF THE TROGLODYTES WERE DERIVED FROM ABRAHAM BY KETURAH. ABRAHAM after this married Keturah, by whom six sons were born to him, men of courage, and of sagacious minds: Zambran, and Jazar, and Madan, and Madian, and Josabak, and Sous. Now the sons of Sous were Sabathan and Dadan. The sons of Dadan were Latusim, and Assur, and Luom. The sons of Madiau were Ephas, and Ophren, and Anoch, and Ebidas, and Eldas. Now, for all these sons and grandsons, Abraham contrived to settle them in colonies; and they took possession of Troglodytis, and the country of Arabia the Happy, as far as it reaches to the Red Sea. It is related of this Ophren, that he made war against Libya, and took it, and that his grandchildren, when they inhabited it, called it (from his name) Africa. And indeed Alexander Polyhistor gives his attestation to what I here say; who speaks thus: "Cleodemus the prophet, who was also called Malchus, who wrote a History of the Jews, in agreement with the History of Moses, their legislator, relates, that there were many sons born to Abraham by Keturah: nay, he names three of them, Apher, and Surim, and Japhran. That from Surim was the land of Assyria denominated; and that from the other two (Apher and Japbran) the country of Africa took its name, because these men were auxiliaries to Hercules, when he fought against Libya and Antaeus; and that Hercules married Aphra's daughter, and of her he begat a son, Diodorus; and that Sophon was his son, from whom that barbarous people called Sophacians were denominated." For this reason I do not believe ur theory that the myths related to Arabian origins are mostly influenced by recent European or even Islamic Arabian conquests. I also do not believe groups that claim ancestry in Arabia - as Hebrews from the land of Canaan (originally ancient Asir/Yemen region) - such as the Watutsi, Maghira and Iforas (Tuareg) and other groups were influenced by European colonizlists in claiming ancient "Hebraic" (Arabian) heritage. Neither do I believe that the Jewish groups in Africa were just making things up. I believe the Hebraic people like the peoople of Qahtan were one and remnants of the African-affiliated culture that arose over 5000 years ago in Arabia. In later times of course the name Punt, Kush Iram seems to refer to kingdoms and or peoples on both sides of the Red Sea. And Ethiopian peoples of Meroe (Sabeans)and the Blue Nile are referred to as Arabians by people like Strabo and other early historians. It is not impossible that such names of the Madhij or Medjayu (Madiau of Josephus or Madian), Sasu or Shasu (Sous), Afar (Afren son of Madiau or Midian), Anakha Danakil (Anoch or Henoch), Mahra, Begawi or Beja (Begawi - Ezra 8), Baliy (Bela - Genesis 36:32), etc. have been in both areas for at least 3000 years. Nevertheless these names are said to stem from ancient "Sabean" or "Adite" kings. They are also names of peoples or families mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (as shown above). Whether these early chiefs or kings ruled on the Arabian or African side of the Erithraean Sea or both is perhaps the only pertinent question. [IMG]http://i48.tinypic.com/i3gjzr.jpg[/IMG] Jews of southern Arabia (probably a bit lighter in color than their "Canaanite" ancestors) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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