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[QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] I feel that their should be three criterion that indicates the founders of a particular civilization was African, or the result of indigenous development and creation of ancient Asian , European and American Blacks. These criteria are: 1. Archaeological and anthropological evidence linking the Africans to a particular civilization; 2. Presence of genetically related languages; and 3. Historical evidence and social technologies invented over the past 5k years. The archaeological evidence is clear. The River Valley civilizations of Africa and Asia were related. The Africans who took civilization to Asia used a common black and red ware that has been found from the Sudan, across Southwest Asia and the Indian Subcontinent all the way to China (Singh 1982:xxiv) .The earliest use of this BRW was during the Amratian period (c.4000 3500 BC). The users of the BRW were usually called Kushites. The best evidence for Africans founding the first civilizations are vessels from the IVBI workshop at Tepe Yahya (c.2100 1700 BC). The IVBI workshop vessels have a uniform shape and design. Vessels sharing this style are distributed from Egypt to Mesopotamia; and Soviet Uzbekistan, to the Indus Valley The archaeological evidence suggest a widespread dispersal of of Proto Saharan tribes between 3800 2500 BC. This explains the common arrowheads at Harappan sites, and sites in Iran, Egypt, Minoan Crete and early Heladic Greece. This archaeological evidence shows an African origin for the River Valley civilizations. [IMG]http://olmec98.net/elam3.gif[/IMG] Henry Rawlinson used the Book of Genesis to find the identity of the Mesopotamia. He made it clear that the original inhabitants of Babylonia were represented by the name Nimrod and were represented by the family of Ham: Kushites, Egyptians and etc. This name came from the popularity among these people of hunting the leopard (Nimri). And as noted in earlier post the Egyptian and Nubian rulers always associated leopard spots with royalty, just as Siva is associated with the feline. As a result, Rawlinson used an African language Galla, to decipher the cuneiform writing. The Sumerians and Elamites came from Africa, like the founders of the Indus Valley civilization. This is why the Elamite and Sumerian languages are closely related to African and Dravidian languages. The Kushites when they migrated from Middle Africa to Asia continued to call themselves Kushites. This is most evident in place names and the names of gods. The Kassites, chief rulers of Iran occupied the central part of the Zagros. The Kassite god was called Kashshu, which was also the name of the people. The K-S-H, name element is also found in India. For example Kishkinthai, was the name applied to an ancient Dravidian kingdom in South India. Also it should be remembered that the Kings of Sumer, were often referred to as the " Kings of Kush". The major Kushite tribe in Central Asia was called Kushana. The Kushan of China were styled Ta Yueh-ti or "the Great Lunar Race". Along the Salt Swamp, there was a state called Ku-Shih of Tibet. The city of K-san, was situated in the direction of Kushan, which was located in the Western part of the Gansu Province of China. [IMG]http://olmec98.net/elam4.jpg[/IMG] The Elamites later conquered Sumer. They called this line of Kings,he "King of Kish'. This term has affinity to the term Kush,that was given to the Kerma dynasty, founded by the C-Group people of Kush. It is interesting to note that the Elamite language, is closely related to the African languages including Egyptian and the Dravidian languages of India. The most important Kushite colony in Iran was ancient Elam. The Elamites called their country KHATAM or KHALTAM (Ka-taam). The capital of Khaltam which we call Susa, was called KHUZ (Ka-u-uz) by the Aryans, NIME (Ni-may) by the people of Sumer, and KUSHSHI (Cush-she) by the Elamites.In the Akkadian inscriptions the Elamites were called GIZ-BAM (the land of the bow). The ancient Chinese or Bak tribesmen which dominate China today called the Elamites KASHTI. Moreover, in the Bible the Book of Jeremiah (xlxx,35), we read "bow of Elam". It is interesting to note that both Khaltam-ti and Kashti as the name for Elam, agrees with Ta-Seti, the ancient name for Nubia located in the Meroitic Sudan. [/qb][/QUOTE]If you are saying Khuz in the Scytho-Aryan is called Kush I would have to ask where that source if from as I had read the word Khuz as in Khuzistan had a different derivation from Shusa to Hauja or Huza. The important thing to note is that Elam also was occupied by more than one Africoid type. Aside from small Dravidian types there were also the early Amorites who may have brought the name Alam or Lam to the region. Both may have been purveyors of the Black and Red Ware culture. I am wondering if the name Kha'taam - if that is truly what they were called - and the name of Elam is somehow tied to that of the modern black Kha'tam and Lam or Khuza'il Arabians (the latter still occupy the region). I the Black and Red Ware is first associated with Calcolithic culture in the Near East and india nd and then is associater later in the iron age with the Megalithic culture of Southern India Anthropologist, 5 (2): 131-136 (2003)Black and Red Ware: A Metrical Analysis of Two Different Cultures (Chalcolithic Culture and Megalithic Culture of India), by Sruti Kona Dey, Kamal Salibi mentioned the name of two Elams mentioned in the Biblical book of Nehemiah refer not to Iran but to two regions of modern Asir (southern Hijaz) Wadi al Alam and Wadi Alma of the Zahran lowland. In modern times the black Arabian Lam or Lamluns of modern Iran for example are called Kuza'ilm Khaza'el or Kassahil. These are the black tribes said to have resembled the Bisharin Beja by Rawlinson. The term Namr, Nomir or Numayr is associated the well known name of the black Arabian tribe of Numayr ibn Cassit or ibn Arfakshad who by Arabian tradition is associated with early Babylon. You said in one of your articles the BRW (Black and Red Ware )was found in th lowest levels of Lothal. This is the area of the skeletons that have otherwise been described as "Elmenteitan" (formerly called Kenya Capsian) type who were a tall people. Thus the pottery may not have been spread southward by Dravidians but by other Ethiopic people unless Dravidians were originally represented by more than one physical type. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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