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1- Basic database of Nile Valley studies
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [qb] [i]The PN2 transition [P2], a Y chromosome marker, defines a lineage (within the YAPț derived haplogroup E or III) that emerged in Africa probably before the last glacial maximum, but after the migration of modern humans from Africa (see Semino et al., 2004). This mutation forms a clade that has two daughter subclades (defined by the biallelic markers M35/215 (or 215/M35) and M2) that unites numerous phenotypically variant African populations from the supra-Saharan, Saharan, and sub-Saharan regions.." [/i] - From (S.O.Y Keita. Exploring northeast African metric craniofacial variation at the individual level: A comparative study using principal component analysis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:679689, 2004.) [/qb][/QUOTE]To put this into perspective, I calculated the proportion of Y-DNA and MtDNA shared between Yoruba and Somali (using the latest phylotree.org for MtDNA): For Y-DNA: [b]Yoruba P2(PN2)/e1b1a 93.1% Somali P2(PN2)/e1b1b 81.1%[/b] (using numbers from [URL=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-DNA_haplogroups_by_ethnic_group]here[/URL]) For MtDNA (L2a, L3bf, L3cd, L3eikx, L0a1): [b]Yoruba 75.75% Somali 66.93%[/b] (using the numbers from [URL=http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/11443]Here[/URL]) So even populations within Africa (same as within Europe) who share phenotype differences (and similarities), can also share a common origin for a large part of their genome. The differences having been created (or having drifted in term of proportions in the population) after their common origin and thus after their migrations to their current locations in Africa (including recent back migration of Eurasians into East Africa in the last 3000 years [URL=http://)http://www.pnas.org/content/111/7/2632.long]LINK[/URL]). While the similarities would be related to this common origin. Keita mentions PN2/P2 as a common lineage which appeared in Africa after the migration of modern humans from Africa. Thus after the OOA migrations. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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