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[QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [QB] [b]Recent Scholars studying Egypt and Nubia show that the two peoples, while varying, shared several cultural and material commonalities, undermining older, simplistic, separationist 'racial' theories[/b] QUOTE: "Any Egyptian evidence in Nubia was seen as an import or as cultural influence, while any Nubian evidence in Upper Egypt was viewed as the sporadic presence of foreign people within Egyptian territory.In the last few years, [b]new research on the subject, particularly from a Nubian point of view, shows that the interaction between the two cultures was much more complex[/b] than previously thought, affecting the time, space and nature of the interaction (Gatto & Tiraterra 1996; Gatto 2000, 2003a, 2003b). The Aswan area was probably never a real borderline, at least not until the New Kingdom. Of particular importance in this perspective is the area between Armant and Dehmit, south of the First Cataract, as well as the surrounding deserts, and for the availability of data, more specifically the Western Desert. The data recently collected and a new interpretation of available information are bringing to light a stable and long-term interaction between Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia that has to be seen in a very different perspective. [b]The two regions, and so their cultural entities, are not in antithesis to one another, but in the Predynastic period are still the expression of the same cultural tradition, with strong regional variations, particularly in the last part of the 4th millennium BC. Some of them are clearly connected with the major cultural and political changes of Egypt."[/b] (-- Maria Carmela GATTO (British Museum, London) 2002. "At the Origin of the Egyptian Civilisation: Reconsidering the Relationship between Egypt and Nubia in the Pre- and Protodynastic Periods." Conférence internationale / International Conference L'Egypte pré- et protodynastique. Les origines de l'Etat Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt. Origin of the State. Toulouse (France) - 5-8 sept. 2005) [IMG]https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-l_XE7m94zeA/WETpXPuLdCI/AAAAAAAAC1I/1g6p-eP-3eQ9yB6dyjiDOsF6JEHE8HnoACLcB/s1600/yurco_nubian_egyptian_links_12Dynasty.jpg[/IMG] QUOTE: “the XIIth Dynasty (1991-1786 B.C.E.) originated from the Aswan region. As expected, strong Nubian features and dark coloring are seen in their sculpture and relief work. This dynasty ranks as among the greatest, whose fame far outlived its actual tenure on the throne. Especially interesting, it was a member of this dynasty- that decreed that no Nehsy (riverine Nubian of the principality of Kush), except such a s came for trade or diplomatic reasons, should pass by the Egyptian fortress at the southern end of the Second Nile Cataract. Why would this royal family of Nubian ancestry ban other Nubians from coming into Egyptian territory? Because the Egyptian rulers of Nubian ancestry had become Egyptians culturally; as pharaohs, they exhibited typical Egyptian attitudes and adopted typical Egyptian policies." - (F. J. Yurco, 'Were the ancient Egyptians black or white?', Biblical Archaeology Review (Vol 15, no. 5, 1989) [IMG]https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Dy9Ra2L3BVk/WETuY3-eh7I/AAAAAAAAC1U/g0slzhwUqm8SVs3F-K5rWFrAzZWXxtBEgCLcB/s1600/oconnor_Egypt_subsaharan_africa_link.jpg[/IMG] [b]Many modern Egyptologists now admit clear correlations between ancient Egyptians and African communities, chiefdoms and states. [/b] "The Egyptian concept of kingship, so akin to African models, seems very different to that held in the ancient Near East." "There is a relative abundance of ancient materials relevant to contact and influence, as well as striking correlations between ancient Egyptian civilization and the ethnography of recent and current sub-Saharan communities, chiefdoms and states." --David O'Connor, Andrew Reid 2007. Ancient Egypt in Africa Nile Valley Diversity Gallery http://egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/post/14787 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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