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Upper Egyptians: Purest descendants of the Pharaohs
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by NonProphet: [QB] [IMG]http://farm1.static.flickr.com/157/362382669_4eb01badbb.jpg[/IMG] "BLACK DAYS" (Sudanese and SSA INVADE Egypt) On January 27, 28 and 29, 2003, [b]Egyptian police conducted raids of Sudanese, Liberian and sub-Saharan African residences[/b] in the Maadi area. Detainees, including those with refugee cards, reported ill treatment, beatings and abuse. One detainee reported- [b]I was taken into a police wagon on the street. They drove around to collect other black people. They would ask Egyptians on the street, "Where are the buildings where blacks live?" It was about one hour driving around like this. By the end there were ten or twelve Africans in the car."[/b] HRW Other detainees alleged that police referred to the raids as [b]"Black Day" and that police intake sheets were labeled, "Operation Track Down Blacks."[/b] There are tens of thousands of Sudanese refugees in Egypt, most of them seeking refuge from ongoing military conflicts in their home country of Sudan. Their official status as refugees is highly disputed, and they have been subject to racial discrimination and police violence. [b]They live among a much larger population of Sudanese migrants in Egypt, more than two million people of Sudanese nationality (by most estimates; a full range is 750,000 to 4 million (FMRS 2006:5) who live in Egypt.[/b] The U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants believes many more of these migrants are in fact refugees, but see little benefit in seeking recognition. Egypt employs a "shoot to stop" policy against refugees attempting to continue to Israel. According to Human Rights Watch, over 50 refugees, including women and children, have been shot by Egyptian border guards since 2007.[1][2] The violent destabilization and economic collapse caused by the immense amount of death and destruction in Sudan has forced millions of civilians to flee their homes and cities.[3] Many refugees currently residing in Egypt escaped from the Second Sudanese Civil War, where war "pitted black African separatists" and "Christians" against a "Sudanese government run by Muslim, Arabic-speaking northerners who had tried to impose Islamic law on the country." 1 in 5 Sudanese were killed in the war, and over 4 million civilians in the South have been given Internally Displaced Persons status. [4] The majority of these IDPs are attempting to resettle outside of the country, but efforts have produced minimal results. In January of 2004, Egyptian politicians wrote legislation for a “Four Freedoms Agreement,” which would grant both Sudanese and Egyptians the freedom of movement, residence, ownership and work in either country. It would allow Sudanese nationals to live indefinitely in Egypt while no longer having to seek refugee status to remain in the country. The agreement would not enable Sudanese refugees to benefit from educational, medical, or social benefits entitled to native citizens. However, as of 2009, the agreement has yet to be ratified by the Egyptian government. [5] Refugees in Egypt experience discrimination by both the government and civilian services. A series of laws passed by parliament has effectively stalled legal and financial gains for refugees of all nationalities, and the response by the international community has been limited. Legal employment in Egypt is "virtually" impossible for Sudanese refugees. The 2003 Labor Law and its implementing Ministerial Decree and the 2004 Decree of the Ministry of Manpower and Emigration force all foreigners including refugees to have a permit to work in "gainful" employment. The requirements are reportedly very "stringent," and include assessments of legal status, employer sponsorship, and non-competition with nationals. [b]In 2006, employers have since been required to submit a certificate verifying Sudanese nationals are not carrying AIDS. As a result of these requirements, only a fraction of Sudanese have obtained working permits.[/b] 1. ^ Human Rights Watch faults Egypt's 'shoot-to-stop' policy, Christian Science Monitor 13-11-2008 2. ^ Refugees set their sights on Israel, The National 11-12-2009 3. ^ http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/httpPages/22FB1D4E2B196DAA802570BB005E787C?OpenDocument&count=1000 IDP statistics 4. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20041210024759/http://www.refugees.org/news/crisis/sudan.htm Refugees in Sudan 5. ^ http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/706/eg3.htm 6. ^ http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,SDN,,4a40d2a5c,0.html UNHRC * Forced Migration and Refugee Studies program (FMRS) of the American University in Cairo, A TRAGEDY OF FAILURES AND FALSE EXPECTATIONS: Report on the Events Surrounding the Three-month Sit-in and Forced Removal of Sudanese Refugees in Cairo, September–December 2005, June 2006. * Gamal Nkrumah, "The noose tightens," Al-Ahram Weekly, 5-11 January 2006. * U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI), World Refugee Survey 2005. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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