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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Sundjata: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [qb] [b]My sources gave me the impression that pre-Shaka Nguni warriors didn't form cohesive formations (e.g. the cow horn formation) and instead acted as loose groups of individualistic warriors running into each other.[/b] ^^THe cow-horn, more accurately the "buffalo horns" formation was known prior to Chaka, but only primarily as a suprise raid format (such as surrounding a village at dawn) or sporadically in open field combat. Under Chaka it was revolutionized into an AGGRESSIVE, SYSTEMATIC encirclement and envelopment formation for open field warfare. THis is a lot different than raiders surrounding the village for the usual dawn attack, or once on a while maneuvering in battles prior to Chaka. Chaka also SYsTEMATIZED movement and standardized units and maneuver. The younger greener men did most of the running in the flanking horns, the older veterans were held in reserve (the loins), and the main blow was delivered by the prime fighters in the center (the chest). FIghting units were put on a permanent footing, organized into regiments, which in turn were organized into larger corps groupings. Chaka's innovation was thus systemization and standardization executed rapidly with deadly aggression. He took what already existed of course to build on. [i] Combined with Shaka's "buffalo horns" attack formation for surrounding and annihilating enemy forces, the Zulu combination of iklwa and shield--similar to the Roman legionaries' use of gladius and scutum--was devastating. By the time of Shaka's assassination in 1828, it had made the Zulu kingdom the greatest power in southern Africa and a force to be reckoned with, even against Britain's modern army in 1879.[17] [/i] --17) ^ Guttman, Jon. Military History, June 2008, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p. 23 See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_military_systems_1800-1900 [/qb][/QUOTE]Thanks for the clarification. :) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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