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How late did the brachycranic "armenoid" types really enter southern Mesopotamia
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [QB] The below was posted by Zarahan and brings up the question of whether as mentioned by earlier observers this sculptures of broadheaded or brachycephalic non-Mediterraneans or non-Africans actually date from a much later era than the Sumerian or Sumero-Akkadian periods. {Geometric morphometric study of temporal variations in human crania excavated from the Himrin Basin and neighboring areas, northern Iraq by Naomichi Ogihara, Haruyuki Makishima, Hidemi Ishida, Anthropological Science (2009) Volume: 117, Issue: 1, Pages: 9-17 "this study suggests that the Himrin population was relatively dolichocranic and generally unaltered until the Parthian period AS IN SOUTHERN MESOPOTAMIA (Keith, 1927; Ehrich, 1939; Swindler, 1956), but sometime in or after the Parthian period a more brachycranic population came into this northern Mesopotamian area and craniofacial characteristics within the inhabitants in this area probably became more diverse, as preliminarily suggested by Ishida and Wada (1981) and Wada (1986). It has been suggested based on archeological data that the population of Mesopotamia began to be influenced by Persians after the Achaemenean domination, and more foreigners were settled and mixed with the native population in the Parthian period (Roux, 1992). The present results do not contradict this view. Furthermore, this study depicts the dolichocranic population as tending to have a relatively lower orbit and broader (lower) nose, and vice versa in the brachycranic population." } Earlier specialists used to remark on the obvious differences between the sculptures said to represent Sumerians and the skeletal evidence which showed different evident long-narrow headed or dolichocephalic African types and mainly the so-called "brown race" of East Africa. An Ephraim Speiser wrote “Anthropolometrically the evidence is ambiguous and confused… The consensus would seem to be with all reservations that the basic population of the whole region consisted of Mediterranean longheads who were joined in the course of time and relatively late by several groups of Alpine roundheads… In this connection it should be stressed that there is a marked discrepancy between the evidence of the cemetaries uncovered in Sumer and the appearance of the historic Sumerians depicted on the monuments. For it has been repeatedly observed that the monumental representations of the Sumerians point for the most part to pronounced roundheads.” Oriental and Biblical Studies collected writings of E.A. Sspeiser 1967.Ephraim Speiser p. 217 In 1972 Historian William Langer - “The population of both Upper and Lower Mesopotamia in prehistoric times belonged to the brown or Mediterranean race. While this basic stock persisted in historical, times especially in the south, it became increasingly, mixed especially with broad-headed Armenoid peoples from the northeastern mountains owing to the recurrent incursions of mountain tribes into the plain.” In William L. Langer – An Encyclopedia of World History, Houghton Mifflin Company Boston 1972 Now I'm wondering if scientists like Ogihara and Makishima are actually saying the "Armenoid" or brachycranic type in Mesopotamia dates from a period chronologically subsequent to the Sumerians and Akkadians. If so the whole Aryanist view of Near Eastern history collapses. The Parthian period is, of course, very late in Mesopotamian history. [IMG]http://i746.photobucket.com/albums/xx108/khazraj/sumerianly.jpg[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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