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Do some South Indians have Tropical limb ratios?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Anglo_Pyramidologist: [QB] If you look at the craniometric and dental data, these cluster the ancient egyptians with Caucasoids. There is no argument here at all. There is simply no way to insert sub-saharan african blacks (negroids) into the picture. This is why you're left with spamming debunked garbage about limbs. debunked all here - [QUOTE][b]Tropical limb proportions are not exclusive to Sub-Saharan Africans and never have been.[/b] "The elongation of the distal segments of the limbs is also clearly related to the dissipation of metabolically generated heat. Since heat stress and latitude are clearly related, one would expect to find a correlation between the two sets of traits that are associated with adaptation to survival in areas of great ambient temperature-namely skin color and limb proportions. This is clearly the case in such areas as equatorial Africa, the tropical portions of South Asia, and northern Australia, although there is little covariation with other sets of inherited traits. In this regard, it is interesting to note that the limb proportions of the Predynastic Naqada people in Upper Egypt are reported to be “super-negroid,” meaning that the distal segments are elongated in the fashion of tropical Africans (Robins and Shute, 1986). It would be just as accurate to call them “super-Veddoid or “super-Carpentarian” since skin color intensification and distal limb elongation is apparent wherever people have been long-term residents of the tropics. The term “super-tropical” would be better since it implies the results of selection associated with a given latitude rather than the more “racially loaded” term “negroid.”" http://wysinger.homestead.com/brace.pdf Neighboring peoples in South America from related ethnic groups were found to have evolved markedly different limb proportions due to one group having adapted to a higher, colder elevation than the others from lower, more tropical elevations. "Living human populations from high altitudes in the Andes exhibit relatively short limbs compared with neighboring groups from lower elevations as adaptations to cold climates characteristic of high-altitude environments." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20137/abstract Until quite recently, most Europeans -- who ultimately expanded into Europe from the Near East, [b]not directly from tropical Africa[/b] -- had tropical limb ratios. "Upper Palaeolithic humans not only were taller and had more robust bones in comparison with the Linear Band Pottery Culture Neolithic people; they also had longer limbs, a shorter trunk and, similar to modern African people, very long forearms and crural segments. The low brachial index* is a very recently acquired characteristic of White Europeans." http://hormones.gr/preview.php?c_id=127 Even African Americans do not consistently show the tropical limb ratios of their West African ancestors. While some are still tropically adapted, many others actually have a cold-adapted body plan as a consequence of both admixture with cold-adapted peoples (modern Europeans and Native Americans) and localized adaptation. And this change in their limb ratios at the population level did not take place over thousands of years, but instead over just a few hundred years of living in North America. "The argument from morphology depends on the presupposition that body proportions are to a large degree genetically controlled. The fact that contemporary African Americans do not have tropical limb proportions but have in a few hundred years changed to more European body proportions (through adaptation to new climate plus intermixture with Europeans and First Nations Peoples) puts this claim into perspective (Pat Shipman, adjunct professor of biological anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, personal communication, 14 May 2004)." http://books.google.ca/books?id=n7-BHoeyStgC&pg=PA350#v=onepage&q&f=false [/QUOTE] http://hamiticunion.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=general&action=display&thread=38#ixzz23I0zukUl [/QB][/QUOTE]
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