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Modern Day North Africans who Exhibit 'Archaic' Features
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [qb] All this talk of the prehistoric presence of anatomically modern humans in North Africa and specifically the Maghreb remind me of certain populations in the area some of which are relatively isolated who exhibit robust cranio-facial features one might associate today with Australian aborigines such as large jaws and teeth and heavy brow ridges in conjunction with wavy hair. Indeed, there were some Western anthropologists who proposed that the 'Australoid' racial type was once more widespread than it is today and included North Africa and in some cases Europe! In fact some of these anthropologists proposed 'Australoids' to be the original racial type ancestral to all others. In the case of North Africans there are a few people who stand out in this, one in particular are the Ushetettas of Tunisia. In a recent google search I came across one thread posted on this issue in the Anthrocivitas forum: http://anthrocivitas.net/forum/showthread.php?t=10848 The poster even includes examples from the old literature that speaks of ‘Australoids’ in North Africa. We all know such features have nothing to do with 'Australoids' and racial groups don’t really exist, but what do you guys make of such a phenotype in the Maghreb? They surely do not conform to the 'classical Hamitic' type associated with North Africans let alone white Berbers. Do you think this to be a surviving remnant from Mesolithic or even Paleolithic times?? [IMG]http://content.lib.washington.edu/cgi-bin/getimage.exe?CISOROOT=/ic&CISOPTR=650&DMSCALE=100.00000&DMWIDTH=802&DMHEIGHT=1302.2164948454&DMX=0&DMY=0&DMTEXT=&REC=5&DMTHUMB=0&DMROTATE=0[/IMG] [IMG]http://images.mediastorehouse.net/164/4408435_450_450_0_0_fit_0_6d0d26e88723d51362e1776f6d679830.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.abcdelacpa.com/18891.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.viaggiaresempre.it/Chenini3.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3263/2925864987_2b9d564574.jpg?v=0[/IMG] [IMG]http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_jmpX88iUxiI/TJlS0xs6d0I/AAAAAAAAAC0/RPIsdoydZn8/s1600/Tunisia2.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE]^Alleged "Australoid" features are within the range for tropical Africans,relatively speaking. Hanihara 1996 clusters "Australoids" and sub-Saharan Africans together based on certain cranial resemblances. They are not identical but there is a definite overlapping range. [IMG]http://img199.imageshack.us/img199/3959/westasianafrican.jpg[/IMG] [b]And some data shows ancient North African types with cultural and physical links to Africans further south. If by a back-migration, the "backflowees" still resembled tropical Africans. [/b] Pennarun et al say in the article that an Asian origin for U6 and M1 remains speculative. It is a viable origin hypothesis they say, but they found no clear evidence in support. [i]"A Southwest Asian origin has been proposed for U6 and M1 [27-29]. Yet, this claim remains speculative unless some novel “earlier” Southwest Asian-specific clades, distinct from the known haplogroups, are found in which the described so far M1 and U6 lineages are nested. Claims for basal mutations shared with M1 have recently been made in the case of haplogroup M51 and M20 (both East Asian-specific clades [40,41]): They share a root mutation (C14110T) with M1. However, one should be cautious with phylogenetic inferences drawn from these findings because this mutation is not unique in the phylogeny of mtDNA: it also occurs in the background of non-M haplogroups and therefore identity by descent within haplogroup M remains uncertain. Unfortunately, the sampling of extant populations of Africa and West Asia may not solve the question of their origin... Assuming that M1 and U6 were introduced to Africa by a dispersal event from Asia, it would be difficult to accept their involvement in the first demographic spread of anatomically modern humans around 40–45 KYA, as suggested by Olivieri et al. (2006), [29] who associated these two clades with the spread of Dabban industry in Africa. It has indeed been previously suggested that the colonisation of North Africa from the Levant took place during the early Upper Paleolithic, as marked by the “Dabban” industry in North Africa [42]. However, comparison of early Upper Palaeolithic artefacts from Haua Fteah and Ksar Akil does not support the notion that the early Dabban of Cyrenaica is an evidence of a population migration from the Levant into North Africa [43]. Marks [44] also noted differences between the two areas in terms of the methods of blade production, further arguing against a demographic connection between the regions. Likewise, the new coalescent date estimates for M1 obtained in this study are not compatible with the model implying the spread of M1 in Africa during the Early Upper Palaeolithic, 40–45 KYA... Our analyses do not support the model according to which mtDNA haplogroups M1 and U6 represent an early dispersal event of anatomically modern humans at around 40–45 KYA in association with the spread of Dabban industry in North Africa as proposed earlier [28,29]. A West Asian origin for these haplogroups still remains a viable hypothesis as sister clades of U (and ancestral to it, macro-hg N (including R)) and M are spread overwhelmingly outside Africa, notably in Eurasia, even though the phylogeographic data on extant populations do not present a clear support for it. /i] [i]No southwest Asian specific clades for M1 or U6 were discovered. U6 and M1 frequencies in North Africa, the Middle East and Europe do not follow similar patterns, and their sub- clade divisions do not appear to be compatible with their shared history reaching back to the Early Upper Palaeolithic." [/i] FROM: --Pennarun, et al (2012) Divorcing the Late Upper Palaeolithic demographic histories of mtDNA haplogroups M1 and U6 in Africa. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:234 [IMG]http://img341.imageshack.us/img341/3941/backflowblues.jpg[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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