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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: Founder mutations in Tunisia: implications for diagnosis in North Africa and Middle East Lilia Romdhane et al. [QUOTE] The Punic era initiated with the arrival of Phoenician traders from the eastern Mediterranean Sea and was marked by the founding of the City of Carthage on 814 BC (present Tunis). [b]For many centuries, the Punic civilization either displaced the native Berbers to the city periphery or integrated them.[/b][/QUOTE][/qb][/QUOTE]yes but that who were they? there seems to be no evidence in the Mahgreb of a settlement after the Capsian which ended 6000 BC and before the Punics. I'm guessing there were small groups of nomads in the region, groups which Herodotus mentions. Perhaps analgous to the American Indians, indigenous people were soon displaced by much larger migrations of Phoenicians, cities beginning with Uttica far prior to the islamic conquest of the Maghreb Phoenician cities: [b]Algeria[/b] Tipaza [b]Libya[/b] Oia Sabratha Leptis Magna - major city on the Libyan coastline [b]Morocco[/b] Lixus Mogador Tangier [b]Tunisia[/b] Utica Carthage Hadrumetum Leptis Parva Thapsus Kerkouane Zama Regia [IMG]http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1788/PreviewComp/SuperStock_1788-19742.jpg[/IMG] Ruins of Uttica, Tunisia [/QB][/QUOTE]Modern locals, as before. [IMG]http://static1.hln.be/static/photo/2011/12/13/11/20110212181239/media_l_4050926.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://images.smh.com.au/2009/05/01/500071/Morocco-Berber-420x0.jpg[/IMG] PLoS One. 2010; 5(2): e9177. Skeletal Remains from Punic Carthage Do Not Support Systematic Sacrifice of Infants Jeffrey H. Schwartz et al. [QUOTE] Some biblical scholars maintain that the Carthaginians frequently and systematically practiced infant sacrifice perhaps as early as Queen Dido's founding of the Phoenician colony on the northern coast of Africa in the 9th or 8th century BCE until 146 BCE, when the Romans won the third and last Punic War [1]–[5]. [/QUOTE]Phoenician Blood Endures 3,000 Years, DNA Study Shows [IMG]http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/bigphotos/images/081030-phoenician-dna-genographic-missions_big.jpg[/IMG] [QUOTE]Ancient maritime traders (shown above in an illustration) may have left behind a large genetic footprint around the Mediterranean, with 1 in 17 men in the region still harboring Phoenician DNA, according to a new study. The findings could fill a missing gap in the history of the Phoenician civilization, and help geneticists understand the genetic impact of other human migrations, experts said in October 2008. [/QUOTE] http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/10/081030-phoenician-dna-genographic-missions.html Rediscovering Ancient Phoenicia: The Truth Behind Phoenician Identity in the Mediterranean Joël J Hage The Morehead-Cain Foundation The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill May - August 2011 [QUOTE] No more than 20 percent of the Tunisian men sampled were found to be carrying Y-chromosomes that could have originated in ancient Phoenicia. Actually, most men were found to be carrying “the aboriginal North African [gene], M96." [/QUOTE] http://www.ulcm.org/in-the-news---culture-literature-and-books/2012/09/29/rediscovering-ancient-phoenicia-the-truth-behind-phoenician-identity-in-the-mediterranean As posted before. [IMG]http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0002929708002061-gr2.jpg[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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