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A European population in Minoan Bronze Age Crete
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [QB] But more importantly... [QUOTE][b]A European population in Minoan Bronze Age Crete[/b] Jeffery R. Hughey, Peristera Paschou, Petros Drineas, Donald Mastropaolo, Dimitra M. Lotakis, Patrick A. Navas, Manolis Michalodimitrakis, John A. Stamatoyannopoulos & George Stamatoyannopoulos https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2871 [i] ...In this study, we address the question of the origin of the Minoans by comparing Minoan mtDNA polymorphisms with those of 135 modern and ancient populations. We study skeletal remains from two Minoan populations, one in central Crete, the other in southern Crete. Following the application of a series of strict authentication criteria, we use for our comparisons the DNAs of only 37 Minoans whose remains were well preserved in a cave ossuary located in the Lassithi plateau of east-central Crete. We determine mtDNA polymorphisms using two different methods applied in two different laboratories. Our calculations of genetic distances, haplotype sharing and principal component analysis (PCA) **[b]exclude a North African origin of the Minoans. Instead, we find that the highest genetic affinity of the Minoans is with Neolithic and modern European populations. We conclude that the most likely origin of the Minoans is the Neolithic population that migrated to Europe about 9,000 YBP.[/b]** We propose that the Minoan civilization most likely was developed by the autochthonous population of the Bronze Age Crete. Comparisons of Minoans with North African populations A data set containing HVS-1 sequences of 135 modern and ancient populations was used for comparisons with the sequences of the Minoans (Supplementary Table S4). For several statistical analyses, the modern populations were grouped to 71 geographic or ethnic groups (Supplementary Table S4). Twenty-one distinct Minoan mtDNA haplotypes were observed, six were unique to the Minoans and fifteen were shared with modern and ancient populations (Fig. 2). [b]None of the Minoans carried the characteristic African mtDNA haplotypes of the L haplogroup[/b] (Supplementary Table S2). [b]Furthermore, calculations of the average pairwise genetic distances (Supplementary Table S5) illustrate the great genetic distance between the Minoans and the Egyptian, the Libyan and the other North African population[/b] s (Table 1). Figure 3a shows graphically in the form of geographic density maps the shared mtDNA lineages between the Minoans and 71 extant population groups. Notice that the Minoans displayed the least sharing of haplotypes with North Africans. Figures 2b and 4 present the percentages of sharing between the Minoan mtDNA haplotypes with various population groups; notice again that the least frequencies of sharing are with North African populations. PCA also demonstrates that the Minoans are clearly distanced from the Egyptian, Libyan and North African populations (Fig. 5, Supplementary Table S6). [b]These data strongly argue against the Evans hypothesis of Egyptian or Libyan origin of the founders of the Minoan civilization. The North African influence on the Minoan civilization was most likely accomplished through cultural exchange.[/b]...[/i][/QUOTE]Andromeda was the first to point this out, but the journal 'Nature' published the above findings that Minoans of ancient Crete were NOT related to North Africans like the Egyptians and Libyans but rather to the first farmers of the Levant, yet the more recent paper from 'Nature' on the Egyptian Abusir Mummies say these mummies are also related to the first farmers and not "Africans"! One can see the contradiction here. Why does it seem like nobody is pointing this out?? [/QB][/QUOTE]
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