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The Garamantes were not Berber speakers
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Tukuler: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by [b]Swenet[/b]: Nikita says that its ''most likely'' that modern Berbers and the Garamantes population attained the practice from the Nile Valley, likely because of what I said earlier; the tendency to see discontinuity between Epi-Palaeolithic Maghrebi populations and modern Berber populations. [/QUOTE]I provided a quote from [b]Nikita[/b]2011 [i]Evidence of Trephinations among the Garamantes[/i] that only the Garamas and the Tibu out of all the Saharans throughout all time practiced trephination. [b]Nikita[/b]'s 2012 [i]3D Cranial shape analysis[/i] statement "Moreover, the knowhow for the Garamantian subterranean irrigation channels (foggaras) and medical practices, like trephinations, was most likely introduced from Egypt (Nikita et al., in press; Wilson, 2003)." may as you say intuitively have something to do with Epi- paleolithic non-continuity notions. But I rather saw it based on hard data in the 2011 study as follows: [QUOTE][i]In North Africa, we find the earliest evidence of trephinations in the world. For example, there were three trephined skulls from the Epipalaeolithic site of Taforalt, Morocco (12000–11000BC), and two from Afalou-bou-Rhumel, Algeria (8500–6500BC). The practice continued into later archaeological periods among the Egyptians. Evidence of trephinations has been found in one skull from the 12th Dynasty at Lisht, a 17th–19th Dynasty man from Sesebi, a 27th Dynasty young individual (12–13years) from Dakhleh Oasis, an adult man from Saqqara and others. In addition to the aforementioned evidence, the Edwin Smith papyrus shows that the Egyptians had a good understanding of neuroanatomy and head injuries. [URL=http://underscore]Outside Egypt, this form of surgery is rather rare in North Africa, with very few exceptions.[/URL] For example, a trephined skull was found in the 1st millennium BC site of Roknia, Algeria. Another one was documented in an Egyptian fort in Nubia, although it is not clear whether the individual exhibiting the lesion was an Egyptian or a Nubian. Finally, there is a questionable case of a female from Meroe. In modern times, the practice became common among Berber groups in order to relieve problems of headaches following injuries or disease. More specifically, populations known to have practised trephinations in the [URL=http://underscore]19th–20th centuries[/URL] are the Chaouïa Berbers from Algeria, the neighbouring Arab community from El Kantara and the Tibu or Teda of the Tibesti.[/i][/QUOTE]. Nikita is simply giving the locations through time where trephinated skulls in fact exist not merely postulated. It's a long time from Gafsian culture to the Garama federation without any trephinated skulls in the chotts or desert in between Gafsa and Fezzan The shortest line timewise is Nile to Fezzan. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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