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The 'Average' Northwest African Phenotype/Origins of Northwest Africans
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] African Archaeological Review John E. Yellen National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230 Abstract [i] Examination of African barbed bone points recovered from Holocene sites provides a context to interpret three Late Pleistocene occurrences from Katanda and Ishango, Zaire, and White Paintings Shelter, Botswana.[b] In sites dated to ca. 10,000 BP and younger, such artifacts are found widely distributed across the Sahara Desert, the Sahel, the Nile, and the East African Lakes. [/b]They are present in both ceramic and aceramic contexts, sometimes associated with domesticates. The almost-universal presence of fish remains indicates a subsistence adaptation which incorporates a riverine/lacustrine component. Typologically these points exhibit sufficient similarity in form and method of manufacture to be subsumed within a single African “tradition.”They are absent at Fayum, where a distinct Natufian form occurs. [b]Specimens dating to ca. 20,000 BP at Ishango, possibly a similar age at White Paintings Shelter, and up to 90,000 BP at Katanda clearly fall within this same African tradition and thus indicate a very long-term continuity which crosses traditionally conceived sub-Saharan cultural boundaries.[/b][/i] And more recent sources: Volume 300, 25 June 2013, Pages 153–170 The Middle Palaeolithic in the Desert The Middle Stone Age of the Central Sahara: Biogeographical opportunities and technological strategies in later human evolution [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618212033848-gr1.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618212033848-gr2.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618212033848-gr3.jpg[/IMG] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212033848 Successes and failures of human dispersals from North Africa (2011) [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618211003612-gr1.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618211003612-gr2.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618211003612-gr3.jpg[/IMG] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618211003612 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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