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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] INDO-ARYANS [IMG]http://www.realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/Common/Humans/India/India12.jpg[/IMG] Reich et al, Reconstructing Indian population history, Nature 461:489-494 claims that the Indian Cline divides Indians into two groups Ancestral North Indians (ANI) and Ancestral South Indians (ASI). The ANI are related to western Eurasians and speak Indo-Euopean languages. The ASI on the otherhand speak Dravidian languages. This genetic data clearly divides the North and South Indians, and supports AIT; and the replacement of an original Dravidian speaking people in the north by the invading Indo-European speaking Vedic people. After the Hittites defeated the Hatti and Kaska and other peoples belonging to the Hurrian and Mitanni kingdoms, these people were uprooted and forced into Iran. The lost of Anatolia to the Hittites, probably forced these people to become nomads. In Iran they probably formed a significant portion of the Proto-Arya population. Here they may have met Indo-Iranian speaking people,who may have practiced a hunter-gatherer existence, that adopted aspects of their culture , especially the religion and use of Mitanni religious terms and chariot culture. Joining forces with the Mitannian-Hurrian exiles they probably attacked Dravidian and Austronesian speaking people who probably lived in walled cities. The Austronesian and Dravidian people probably came in intimate contact during the Xia and Shang periods of China. I have to reject the Afghanistan origin for the Indo-Iranian speaking people because the cultures there in ancient times show no affinity to Indo-European civilization. Given the Austronesian and Dravidian elements in Sanskrit and etc., I would have to date the expansion of the Indo-Aryan people sometime after 800 BC, across Iran, India down into Afghanistan, since the Austro-asiatic people speaking languages related to Southeast Asian groups probably did not begin to enter India until after the fall of the Anyang Shang Dynasty sometime after 1000 BC. This would explain why "the Vedic and Avestan mantras are not carbon copies of each other", they may have had a similar genesis, but they were nativised by different groups of Indic and Iranian speakers after the settlement of nomadic Hurrian and Mitanni people in Iran. The Indo-Aryan speaking people became strong in India after 1000 B.C. The Aryans made the Dravidians and other native Indian people into slaves like the Munda. They organized a caste system based on race. The highest caste was based on the priesthood or Brahman, after him came the [b]rajanya [/b]or warriors and aristocracy caste and then the craftsmen or [b]Varsya[/b] caste, and lastly the[b] Sudra[/b] caste, called [b]pariah[/b]. The Sudra represented the first Black population that lived in India before the coming of the Indo-Aryans. In the early Indian writings the aristocracy and warrior caste was referred too as rajanya. After the[b] kshatriya[/b] conquered the Indo-Aryans, the warrior class was called Kshatriya. The Brahmanic civilization lasted from the 3rd to the 4th centuries B.C. During this period the Laws of Manu were written. The Laws of Manu became India's first civil and political code. There were two Indo-Aryan migrations into India. The first waves of Indo-Aryans arrived from the Indo-Iranian borderlands when ecological conditions had improved.These Indo-Aryans began to settle areas formerly occupied by Dravidian-speaking Harappans. As the Aryans moved southward other Dravidian-speaking groups living in isolated villages in the Punjab and Haryana, probably allowed Indo-Aryan tribal groups to settle in their respected urban centers. This would explain the association of BRW with PGW in the Punjab dating between 1000-1300 B.C.( Singh 1982, p.xli) It would also explain the mention of the highly developed civilization of the non-Indo-Aryan speakers in the Rg Veda. The second and major wave of Indo-Aryans probably entered northern India around 1000-800 B.C. This would explain why almost all the dependable PGW dates cluster around 800-350 B.C.(Agrawal & Kusumgar 1974, p.132) [b]This corresponds to the research of --Priya Moorjani, Genetic Evidence for Recent Population Mixture in India, See:The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 93, Issue 3, 422-438, 08 August 2013 http://download.cell.com/AJHG/pdf/PIIS0002929713003248.pdf?intermediate=true The dates for ANI admixture of Moorjani et al, conform to the dates for the Indo-European invasion of India. The Indo-Aryan Indians used painted grey ware.[/b] By the advent of the second Indo-Aryan migration the Dravidians were weakened by drought and famine and they were easily defeated and pushed out of the Gajarat. The PGW folk appears to have pushed the Dravidians into the Dekkan. Due to the early Dravidian presence in Northern India there is a Dravidian substratum in Indo-Aryan. There are Dravidian loan words in the Rg Veda, even though Aryan recorders of this work were situated in the Punjab, which was occupied around this time by the BRW using Dravidians. Emeneau and Burrow (1962) have found 500 Dravidian loan words in Sanskrit. The Dravidian loans in Indo-Aryan are expected to reach 750. Indo-Aryan languages illustrates widespread structural borrowing from Dravidian in addition to the lexical loans. For example, Kuiper (1967) has noted the increasing frequency of Dravidian type retroflex consonants in Indo-Aryan. Southward (1977) has also recorded the Dravidian structural features borrowed by the Indo-Aryans. . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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