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Book: “Ancient Egypt in Africa”
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Firewall: [qb] For awhile i was not to clear myself on the admixture etc... of modern egyptians and even nubians in egypt,but it as been cleared up enough overtime. I know now that in modern egypt most nubians do have some of admixture,but there are some that do not,while in sudan most do not and in kenya,chad etc.. no outside admixture. I am not clear about the beja of egypt yet but i know sudan most do not have outside foreign admixture. [/qb][/QUOTE]Many Sudanese have African genes, but many do have foreign admixture as well. For example, according to the Hassan (2008) study some Sudanese Nubian have 41% of the J haplogroup associated with Saudi Arabia and the Near East (all while Nuba, Fulani, Dinka and Haussa in Sudan got 0% of it, according to the Hassan study). It's also noteworthy that there's already have been a study about ancient Kushite/Nubian/Sudanese aDNA. Which you can download there. At first, it talks about modern genetic make up then mentions aDNA study: [URL=http://etd2.uofk.edu/content/html/pdf/en/en.4312.pdf]Kushite aDNA study[/URL] Here's a quote from the study/article: [QUOTE]Accordingly, through limited on number of aDNA samples, there is enough data to suggest and to tally with the historical evidence of the dominance by Nilotic elements during the early state formation in the Nile Valley, and as the states thrived there was a dominance by other elements particularly Nuba/Nubians. In Y-chromosome terms this mean in simplest terms introgression of the YAP insertion (haplogroups E and D), and Eurasian Haplogroups which are defined by F-M89 [b]against a background of haplogroup A-M13[/b] . [b]The data analysis of the extant Y-chromosomes suggests that the bulk of genetic diversity appears to be a consequence of recent migrations and demographic events mainly from Asia and Europe[/b] , evident in a higher migration rate for speakers of Afro-Asiatic as compared to the Nilo-Saharan family of languages, and a generally higher effective population size for the former. While the mtDNA data suggests that regional variation and diversity in mtDNA sequences in Sudan is likely to have been shaped by a longer history of in-situ evolution and then by human migrations form East, west-central and North Africa and to a lesser extent from Eurasia to the Nile Valley. [/QUOTE]I think the text is clear enough. But clearly it mentions haplogroup A-M13 has the most prevalent hg among ancient Kushite. Then other African and foreign admixture were introduced in ancient and modern Sudan. A-M13 in Sudan is mostly prevalent among modern Dinka (62%), Shilluk (53%) and Nuba (46%) in Sudan. Personnally, I think Kushites were composed of A-M13, maybe to a high percentage, but also other A, B and E hg, as most African populations. Here's a nice table for the Hassan study. As most genetic study, they use what I consider a small number of people, but it's still valuable information which answers some of your interrogations about modern Sudanese genetic composition. http://www.thegeneticatlas.com/study_hassan2008.htm [/QB][/QUOTE]
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