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Ancient West African/Carthage contact/relations???
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] not WA but, [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Great-Zimbabwe.jpg/800px-Great-Zimbabwe.jpg[/IMG] The Great Enclosure, part of the Great Zimbabwe ruins. Great Zimbabwe The majority of scholars believe that it was built by members of the Gokomere culture, who were ancestors of modern Shona in Zimbabwe. A few believe that the ancestors of the Lemba or Venda were responsible, or cooperated with the Gokomere in the construction. The Great Zimbabwe area was settled by the fourth century of the common era. Between the fourth and the seventh centuries, communities of the Gokomere or Ziwa cultures farmed the valley, and mined and worked iron, but built no stone structures. These are the earliest Iron Age settlements in the area identified from archaeological diggings. Construction and growth Construction of the stone buildings started in the 11th century and continued for over 300 years.The ruins at Great Zimbabwe are some of the oldest and largest structures located in Southern Africa, and are the second oldest after nearby Mapungubwe in South Africa. Its most formidable edifice, commonly referred to as the Great Enclosure, has walls as high as 36 feet (11 m) extending approximately 820 feet (250 m), making it the largest ancient structure south of the Sahara Desert. David Beach believes that the city and its state, the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, flourished from 1200 to 1500, although a somewhat earlier date for its demise is implied by a description transmitted in the early 1500s to Joćo de Barros. Its growth has been linked to the decline of Mapungubwe from around 1300, due to climatic change or the greater availability of gold in the hinterland of Great Zimbabwe.[At its peak, estimates are that Great Zimbabwe had as many as 18,000 inhabitants.The ruins that survive are built entirely of stone. The ruins span 1,800 acres (7.3 km2). [/QB][/QUOTE]
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