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Ancient West African/Carthage contact/relations???
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol aka Ish Gebor: It's funny how you insist on this pseudo rant. But when it comes to Africans entering Southern Europe you fight it like a uncontrolled wild cat. You literally stitch stuff together you fantasize about, as if it's a valid argument. Amusing! Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337428/pdf/821.pdf [/QB][/QUOTE]During the Muslim conquest Arabs, indigenous Africans and part indigenous Africans invaded Iberia and part of Italy. This left genetic imprints E-M81 is widespread but rare, except in the Iberian Peninsula Spain, where unlike in the rest of Europe[Note 6] it is found at comparable levels to E-M78, with an average frequency of around 5%, and in some regions it is more common. Its frequencies are higher in the western half of the peninsula with frequencies reaching 8% in Extremadura and South Portugal, 9% in Galicia, 14% in Western Andalusia and 10% in Northwest Castile and 9% to 17% in Cantabria.[19][33][34][35][36] The highest frequencies of this clade found so far in Europe were observed in the Pasiegos from Cantabria, ranging from 18% (8/45)[36] to 41% (23/56).[2] An average frequency of 8.28% (54/652) has also been reported in the Spanish Canary Islands with frequencies over 10% in the three largest islands of Tenerife (10.68%), Gran Canaria (11.54%) and Fuerteventura (13.33%).[37] E-M81 is also found in France,[2] 2.70% (15/555) overall with frequencies surpassing 5% in Auvergne (5/89) and Île-de-France (5/91),[38][39] in Sicily (approximately 2% overall, but up to 5% in Piazza Armerina),[40] and in very much lower frequencies in continental Italy (especially near Lucera)[35] possibly due to ancient migrations during the Islamic, Roman, and Carthaginian empires. As a result of its old world distribution, this subclade is found throughout Latin America, for example 6.1% in Cuba,[41] 5.4% in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), [Note 7] and among Hispanic men from California and Hawaii 2.4%.[42] In smaller numbers, E-M81 men can be found in areas in contact with [North Africa, both around the Sahara, in places like Sudan, and around the Mediterranean in places like Lebanon, Turkey, and amongst Sephardic Jews. There are two recognized subclades of E-M81, although one is much more important than the other. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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