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E-P2 (PN2) unites Niger-Congo, Cushitic and Chadic speakers
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor: [QB] ^for the trolling person above. It's funny and pathetic how you fight this with every drop of blood running through your racist veins. Sub clade E-M81 is known as the Berber clade, since it's regional to Northwest Africa. And for Yap DE*. [QUOTE] [b]The DE haplogroup appeared approximately 50,000 years bp in North East Africa and subsequently split into haplogroup E[/b] that spread to Europe and Africa and haplogroup D that rapidly spread along the coastline of India and Asia to North Asia. [/QUOTE]--Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2013 http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_YDNATreeTrunk.html [QUOTE][b] The BT haplogroup split from the root of the Y haplogroup tree 55,000 years before present (bp), probably in North East Africa. The CF(xDE) haplogroup was the common ancestor of all people who migrated outside of Africa until recent times. [/b]The defining mutation occurred 31-55,000 years bp in North East Africa and is still most common in Africa today in Ethiopia and Sudan. The DE haplogroup appeared approximately 50,000 years bp in North East Africa and subsequently split into haplogroup E that spread to Europe and Africa and haplogroup D that rapidly spread along the coastline of India and Asia to North Asia. [/QUOTE] http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_YDNATreeTrunk.html [QUOTE] "Firstly, haplogroup E-M2 (former E1b1a) and haplogroup E-M329 (former E1b1c) are now united by the mutations V38 and V100, reducing the number of E1b1 basal branches to two. The new topology of the tree has important implications concerning the origin of haplogroup E1b1. Secondly, within E1b1b1 (E-M35), two haplogroups (E-V68 and E-V257) show similar phylogenetic and geographic structure, pointing to a genetic bridge between southern European and northern African Y chromosomes. Thirdly, most of the E1b1b1* (E-M35*) paragroup chromosomes are now marked by defining mutations, thus increasing the discriminative power of the haplogroup for use in human evolution and forensics." [...] Within E-M35, there are striking parallels between two haplogroups, E-V68 and E-V257. Both contain a lineage which has been frequently observed in Africa (E-M78 and E-M81, respectively) [6], [8], [10], [13]–[16] and a group of undifferentiated chromosomes that are mostly found in southern Europe (Table S2). An expansion of E-M35 carriers, possibly from the Middle East as proposed by other Authors [14], and split into two branches separated by the geographic barrier of the Mediterranean Sea, would explain this geographic pattern. [b]However, the absence of E-V68* and E-V257* in the Middle East (Table S2) [/b]makes a maritime spread between northern Africa and southern Europe a more plausible hypothesis. A detailed analysis of the Y chromosomal microsatellite variation associated with E-V68 and E-V257 could help in gaining a better understanding of the likely timing and place of origin of these two haplogroups. [/QUOTE]--Beniamino Trombetta, Fulvio Cruciani et al. (2011) A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms [IMG]http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016073.g001&representation=PNG_M[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016073.t001&representation=PNG_M[/IMG] There ya go! [/QB][/QUOTE]
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