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New Study 2014: The African origins of Egyptian civilisation (mainstream egyptology)
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [qb] [b]Though on the other hand, you do have to wonder why the North Sudanese, even after adopting the Arabic language and Islamic culture, still retain more indigenous African ancestry than Egyptians. What kept the Arabs, Greco-Romans, et cetera from colonizing Nubia to the extent they did Egypt? [/b] Anyone have any other ideas? My take is that the Egyptians expo/erienced more outside gene flow compared to say the less productive reasons of Sudan. In Greco/Roman times Egypt was the granary of the Medit. It had a good strategic location and fed the ROman empire. It was rich and productive. Hyskos, PErsians, Assyrians, Romans, Greeks and most of all Arabs (who havent left yet) swarmed in. The native population did not totally disappear but all these influences made significant changes- demographically, culturally, economically, etc etc [/qb][/QUOTE]First of all, the Kushites were not Nubian speakers.Secondly, there has been more gene flow in Egypt, than Nubia, because most Egyptians migrated into Kush, during Roman rule. So there were less Egyptians living in Egypt than earlier times. Beginning with the Assyrian defeat of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty large numbers of nomadic people from the Middle East began to migrate into Egypt. These foreign people began to take over many Egyptian settlements. In response, Egyptians fled to Nubia and Kush to avoid non-Egyptian rule. Other political and military conflicts erupted after the Assyrians defeated the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty. These incidents led many Egyptians to migrate out of Egypt into Nubia and Kush. For example, Herodotus’ mentions the mutiny of Psamtik I’s frontier garrison at Elephantine—these deserters moved into Kush. The archaizing trend in Kush among the post Twenty-Fifth Dynasty Kings testify to a possible large migration of Egyptians into Kush. In 343 BC Nectanebos II, fled to Upper Egypt. Later according to the Natasen period stela we have evidence of other Egyptians migrating into Kush from Egypt (Torok, 1997, p.391). Between the 260’s-270’s BC Upper Egyptian Nationalists were fighting the Ptolemy (Greek) rulers of Egypt. The rebellion was put down by Ptolemy II. This military action led to Egyptians migrating out of Egypt into Kush (Torok, pp.395-396). Rebellions continued in Egypt into the 2nd Century BC (Torok, p.426). Between Ptolomy II and Ptolemy V, the Greeks began to settle Egypt. This was especially true in the 150’sBC. These conflicts led to many Egyptians migrating into Nubia and the Sudan. By the time the Romans entered Egypt, many Egyptians had already left Egypt and settled in the Meroitic Sudan. Roman politics also forced many Egyptians to migrate into Kush. This was compounded by the introduction of the Pax Agusta policy of the Romans which sought the establishment of Roman hegemony within territories under Roman rule . This led to the emigration of many Romans into Egypt, and the migration of Egyptians into Kush. During most of Kushite history the elites used Egyptian for record keeping since it was recognized as a neutral language.As more and more Egyptians, fled to Kush as it came under foreign domination . Egyptians became a large minority in the Meroitic Empire. Because of Egyptian migrations to Kush, by the rule of the Meroitic Queen Shanakdakheto, we find the Egyptian language abandoned as a medium of exchange in official Kushite records, and the Meroitic script takes its place. The textual and historical evidence is clear. There was a large migration of Egyptian speaking nationals into Kush, which left Egypt ripe for population change. . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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