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Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa, Hodgson, 2014
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor: A new hype is coming out, for some odd reason the Pharaoh is being played by the cold adapted in body portion "Australian actor Joel Edgerton". The role player of Moses is laughable too. [QUOTE] In fact, in terms of body shape, the European and the Inuit samples tend to be cold-adapted and tend to be separated in multivariate space from the more tropically adapted Africans, especially those groups from south of the Sahara. [/QUOTE]--Holliday TW, Hilton CE. Body proportions of circumpolar peoples as evidenced from skeletal data: Ipiutak and Tigara (Point Hope) versus Kodiak Island Inuit. [/QUOTE][QUOTE]Originally posted by Truthcentric: I have just downloaded this new limb proportion study onto my laptop at UCSD. If anyone's interested in taking a look, PM me your e-mail so I can send it to you. To give you a preview of the findings, here's a dendrogram showing similarities in limb proportions between the populations measured: [URL=http://s371.photobucket.com/user/brandonpilcher/media/b9bdb805-bd92-4544-9f56-0ba40133a41f_zpse13095c4.jpg.html] [IMG]http://i371.photobucket.com/albums/oo160/brandonpilcher/b9bdb805-bd92-4544-9f56-0ba40133a41f_zpse13095c4.jpg[/IMG][/URL] Population Affinities of the Jebel Sahaba Skeletal Sample (Holliday 2013) [/QUOTE]This Holliday chart shows the Mechta-Afalou marked on the chart "Afalou" from Algeria were cold adapted They were a late Paleolithic and Mesolithic Iberomaurusian population However I'm not saying that has anything to do with Nile Valley cultures. [/qb][/QUOTE]If you like to copy-paste behind my back, then do it right. http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008928;p=1#000016 http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008928;p=1#000017 [QUOTE] [b]Our results demonstrate [b]an ancient local evolution[/b] in Tunisia of some African haplogroups (L2a, L3*, and L3b).[/b] [...] Since the end of the extreme Saharan desiccation, lasting from before 25,000 years ago up to about 15,000 years ago, [b]the Sahara has had post- and pre- Holocene cyclical climatic changes (Street and Grove 1976), and corresponding increases and decreases in population are probable. [/b]Wetter phases with better habitats perhaps allowed for increased colonization and gene and cultural exchange. [/QUOTE]--Frigi et al., 2010 Ancient Local Evolution of African mtDNA Haplogroups in Tunisian Berber Populations [QUOTE] Frequently termed Mechta-Afalou or Mechtoid, these were a skeletally robust people and[b] definitely African in origin[/b], though attempts, such as those of Ferembach (1985), to establish similarities with much older and rarer Aterian skeletal remains are tenuous given the immense temporal separation between the two (Close and Wendorf 1990). At the opposite end of the chronological spectrum, dental morphology does suggest connections with later Africans, including those responsible for the Capsian Industry (Irish 2000) and early mid-Holocene human remains from the western half of the Sahara (Dutour 1989), something that points to the Maghreb as one of the regions from which people recolonised the desert (MacDonald 1998). [/QUOTE]--Lawrence Barham The First Africans: African Archaeology from the Earliest Toolmakers to Most Recent Foragers (Cambridge World Archaeology) [QUOTE] [b] Large-scale climate change forms the backdrop to the beginnings of food production in northeastern Africa (Kröpelin et al. 2008).[[/b] Hunter-gatherer communities deserted most of the northern interior of the continent during the arid glacial maximum and took refuge along the North African coast, the Nile Valley, and the southern fringes of the Sahara (Barich and Garcea 2008; Garcea 2006; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). [b]During the subsequent Early Holocene African humid phase, from the mid-eleventh to the early ninth millennium cal BP, ceramic-using hunter-gatherers took advantage of more favorable savanna conditions to resettle much of northeastern Africa (Holl 2005; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). Evidence of domestic animals first appeared in sites in the Western Desert of Egypt, the Khartoum region of the Nile, northern Niger, the Acacus Mountains of Libya, and Wadi Howar[/b] (Garcea 2004, 2006; Pöllath and Peters 2007; fig. 1).[/QUOTE]--Fiona Marshall Domestication Processes and Morphological Change Through the Lens of the Donkey and African Pastoralism Fiona Marshall and Lior Weissbrod [QUOTE] The great similarities between Taforalt and Hassi-el-Abiod men (malian Sahara) [/QUOTE]In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série, tome 5 fascicule 4, 1988. pp. 247-256. TAFORALT MAN IN SAHARA : SAHARAN EXTENSION OF MAGHREBIAN [QUOTE] we suggest that there may have been a relationship, albeit a complex one, between climatic events and cave activity on the part of Iberomaurusian populations.[/QUOTE]--A. Bouzouggar, et al. Reevaluating the Age of the Iberomaurusian in Morocco [QUOTE] [b] Large-scale climate change forms the backdrop to the beginnings of food production in northeastern Africa (Kröpelin et al. 2008).[[/b] Hunter-gatherer communities deserted most of the northern interior of the continent during the arid glacial maximum and took refuge along the North African coast, the Nile Valley, and the southern fringes of the Sahara (Barich and Garcea 2008; Garcea 2006; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). [b]During the subsequent Early Holocene African humid phase, from the mid-eleventh to the early ninth millennium cal BP, ceramic-using hunter-gatherers took advantage of more favorable savanna conditions to resettle much of northeastern Africa (Holl 2005; Kuper and Kröpelin 2006). Evidence of domestic animals first appeared in sites in the Western Desert of Egypt, the Khartoum region of the Nile, northern Niger, the Acacus Mountains of Libya, and Wadi Howar[/b] (Garcea 2004, 2006; Pöllath and Peters 2007; fig. 1).[/QUOTE]--Fiona Marshall Domestication Processes and Morphological Change Through the Lens of the Donkey and African Pastoralism Fiona Marshall and Lior Weissbrod [QUOTE] [b][i]Evidence[/i] from throughout the Sahara indicates that the region experienced a cool, dry and windy climate during the last glacial period, followed by a wetter climate with the onset of the current interglacial, with humid conditions being fully established by around 10,000 years BP, when we see the first evidence of a reoccupation of parts of the central Sahara by hunter gathers, most likely originating from sub-Saharan Africa [/b] (Cremaschi and Di Lernia, 1998; Goudie, 1992; Phillipson, 1993; Ritchie, 1994; Roberts, 1998). [...] Conical tumuli, platform burials and a V-type monument represent structures similar to those found in other Saharan regions and associated with human burials, appearing in sixth millennium BP onwards in northeast Niger and southwest Libya (Sivilli, 2002). In the latter area a shift in emphasis from faunal to human burials, complete by the early fifth millennium BP, has been interpreted by Di Lernia and Manzi (2002) as being associated with a changes in social organisation that occurred at a time of increasing aridity. While further research is required in order to place the funerary monuments of Western Sahara in their chronological context, we can postulate a similar process as a hypothesis to be tested, based on the high density of burial sites recorded in the 2002 survey. Fig. 2: Megaliths associated with tumulus burial (to right of frame), north of Tifariti (Fig. 1). A monument consisting of sixty five stelae was also of great interest; precise alignments north and east, a division of the area covered into separate units, and a deliberate scattering of quartzite inside the structure, are suggestive of an astronomical function associated with funerary rituals. Stelae are also associated with a number of burial sites, again suggesting dual funerary and astronomical functions (Figure 2). Further similarities with other Saharan regions are evident in the rock art recorded in the study area, although local stylistic developments are also apparent. Carvings of wild fauna at the site of Sluguilla resemble the Tazina style found in Algeria, Libya and Morocco (Pichler and Rodrigue, 2003), although examples of elephant and rhinoceros in a naturalistic style reminiscent of engravings from the central Sahara believed to date from the early Holocene are also present. [/QUOTE]--Nick Brooks et al. The prehistory of Western Sahara in a regional context: the archaeology of the "free zone" Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Saharan Studies Programme and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Coauthors: Di Lernia, Savino ((Department of Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche, e Antropologiche dell’Antichità, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Via Palestro 63, 00185 – Rome, Italy) and Drake, Nick (Department of Geography, King’s College, Strand, London WC2R 2LS). [/QB][/QUOTE]
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