...
Post A Reply
my profile
|
directory
login
|
register
|
search
|
faq
|
forum home
»
EgyptSearch Forums
»
Egyptology
»
Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa, Hodgson, 2014
» Post A Reply
Post A Reply
Login Name:
Password:
Message Icon:
Message:
HTML is not enabled.
UBB Code™ is enabled.
[QUOTE]Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor: If you like to copy-paste behind my back, then do it right. http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008928;p=1#000016 http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008928;p=1#000017 [QUOTE] [b]Our results demonstrate [b]an ancient local evolution[/b] in Tunisia of some African haplogroups (L2a, L3*, and L3b).[/b] [...] Since the end of the extreme Saharan desiccation, lasting from before 25,000 years ago up to about 15,000 years ago, [b]the Sahara has had post- and pre- Holocene cyclical climatic changes (Street and Grove 1976), and corresponding increases and decreases in population are probable. [/b]Wetter phases with better habitats perhaps allowed for increased colonization and gene and cultural exchange. [/QUOTE]--Frigi et al., 2010 Ancient Local Evolution of African mtDNA Haplogroups in Tunisian Berber Populations [/QUOTE]The above is about the same topic as I have described. What you call Eurasian, already was present in Africans before these small pockets of people moved out of Africa. [QUOTE] http://www.cell.com/cms/attachment/1077329/7908829/mmc2.xls http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/L0k_genbank_sequences.htm http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v56/n9/extref/jhg201171x2.xls C16223T – L0b – 16223C, L0d1a – 16223C, L0k2 – 16223C, L1c1a1 – 16223C, L2d – 16223C, L3x2a – 16223C, L3e2b – 16223C, M1a3b – 16223C, M7c3 – 16223C, N21 – 16223C, Q1a – 16223C, R – 16223C, R2a – 16223C, U4a2b – 16223T, X2h – 16223C, D4c1a – 16223C, D4g2a1 – 16223C, D5c2 – 16223C, B5b1b – 16223T, C12705T – R- 12705C. [/QUOTE] http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/the-african-origin-of-the-so-called-caucasians-of-europe-ironlion/ [QUOTE] To the Editor: We are also concerned about errors in GenBank sequences, and that is why we took precautions to evaluate the effects of potential sequence errors. But many of the potential errors reported by Yao et al. are highly subjective. They defined “phantom mutations” as (with exceptions) the exclusive presence of rare transversions in a specific data set. Although it is reasonable to be skeptical of such variations, surely such rare variations do actually occur without being errors. To deal with potential sequence errors, we took the step of doing the analysis twice; once for all reported variations and once for only variations present in more than 0.1% of the sequences. We made the latter choice to filter out sequencing errors, assuming that specific errors would not be repeated in many different sequences. This filtering process did remove 94% of their listed “phantom mutations.” As Yao et al. acknowledge, the removal of these rare variations (some of which may be sequencing errors) had little effect on most of our results. Yao et al. define “missing variants” as those variants expected to be seen in a particular haplogroup but not reported in a sequence assigned to it. The problem with this definition is that it presupposes that we already have a complete picture of mtDNA variation and that all deviations from it are errors. There are many examples of such “missing variants” being true variations. It was once thought that all L- sub-Saharan haplogroups had the substitution at position 16223, but later some lineages were characterized without it (L0d1a, L1c1a1, L2d, L3x2a). Also, the M1- defining substitution at position 16249 is absent in the branch M1a1a. After the careful data mining of Yao et al., potential errors were found in < 200 of the 5140 sequences. So, ~96% of the sequences deposited in GenBank by the end of August 2008 did pass their extreme quality filter. Yao et al. list many cases in which errors in the original sequences have been acknowledged and corrected by authors but the GenBank sequence has not been updated. GenBank allows the sequence depositor to update that sequence, but it depends on each depositor to carry out this procedure. Identifying these possible sequence errors is complex and is arguably highly subjective. To expect every author of a sequence data-mining project to carry out such a very subjective quality-control step is not reasonable, in our opinion. Though we may disagree on specifics raised by Yao et al., we do share with them a concern about mtDNA sequence quality. Spirited discussions such as this one have been going on for the past decade. It is time to provide the mtDNA research community with analysis tools that allow them to efficiently check their sequences for potential problems, such as sequencing errors or unusual variations. We tried to go forward in this direction with our paper by providing the mtDNA Gene-Syn software. Fortunately, others are also advancing along the same path. [/QUOTE]Response to Yao et al. Main Text [/QB][/QUOTE]
Instant Graemlins
Instant UBB Code™
What is UBB Code™?
Options
Disable Graemlins in this post.
*** Click here to review this topic. ***
Contact Us
|
EgyptSearch!
(c) 2015 EgyptSearch.com
Powered by UBB.classic™ 6.7.3