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Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa, Hodgson, 2014
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Trollkillah # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] again, the analysis is of those mtDNA L haplogroups in Tunisians which are African It is not an analysis of the mtDNA haplogroups in Tunisians in general of which some are Eurasian and are at higher frequencies than the African haplogroups The article is not a general anaysis of mtDNA in Tunisians As the title states it is specific only to the local evolotion component so it cannot be used to argue that all mtDNA in Tunisians is African In fact most is not African. [/qb][/QUOTE]Let's try it different, what arose from L? And how come TafIII carried loci 16223T, which was along in Africans. As well as other transitions. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/3/757/F1.large.jpg [QUOTE] ["No southwest Asian specific clades for M1 or U6 were discovered. U6 and M1 frequencies in North Africa, the Middle East and Europe DO NOT FOLLOW similar patterns, and their sub-clade divisions do not appear to be compatible with their shared history reaching back to the Early Upper Palaeolithic." [/QUOTE]--Erwan Pennarun, Toomas Kivisild et al. Divorcing the Late Upper Palaeolithic demographic histories of mtDNA haplogroups M1 and U6 in Africa [QUOTE] [b]Haplogroup L1b roots deeply in the human mtDNA phylogeny and has the characteristic motif 16126, 16187, 16189, 16223, 16264, 16270, 116278, 16311. [/b]We have collected sequences from the literature that fall into this cluster. From these sequences we have built a median-joining network by specifying the transversion at np 16114 and the deletion at np 16166 (Rando et al. 1998). The populations are scattered over the network; six nodes are shared between sub-Saharan and northwest African populations. The structure of the network can roughly be described as a double star with one of the centers being the ancestral haplotype. These nodes are separated at np 16293 (transition), testifying to an expansion event that involved both central sequence types. The age of this expansion is calculated as 16,000 years. [...] There were eight different haplotypes, and all were unique. Most of these haplotypes are phylogenetically divergent, indicating unrelated introduction to Tunisian populations from western or eastern sub-Saharan populations. Indeed, taking into account the Tunisian sequences belonging to haplogroup L2a from Sejnane, Zriba, Kesra, Matmata, Sned, and Chenini-Douiret, we obtain a divergence age of about 28,000 ± 8,900 years, which is the same age calculated for this haplogroup including all the described sequences. However, we noticed two pairs of related haplotypes in the Kesra population, where we detected a local evolution of the L2a cluster, suggesting that this haplogroup could have been introduced earlier in Kesra. [/QUOTE]--Frigi et al. [QUOTE] http://www.cell.com/cms/attachment/1077329/7908829/mmc2.xls http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/L0k_genbank_sequences.htm http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v56/n9/extref/jhg201171x2.xls C16223T L0b 16223C, L0d1a 16223C, L0k2 16223C, L1c1a1 16223C, L2d 16223C, L3x2a 16223C, L3e2b 16223C, M1a3b 16223C, M7c3 16223C, N21 16223C, Q1a 16223C, R 16223C, R2a 16223C, U4a2b 16223T, X2h 16223C, D4c1a 16223C, D4g2a1 16223C, D5c2 16223C, B5b1b 16223T, C12705T R- 12705C. [/QUOTE] http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/the-african-origin-of-the-so-called-caucasians-of-europe-ironlion/ [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: The article is not a general anaysis of mtDNA in Tunisians As the title states it is specific only to the local evolotion component so it cannot be used to argue that all mtDNA in Tunisians is African In fact most is not African. [/QUOTE]This paper was obviously about the oldest clades in the region. Further more they speak: [QUOTE] The dates for subhaplogroups H1 and H3 (13,000 and 10,000 years, respectively) in Iberian and North African populations allow for this possibility. Kefi et al.s (2005) data on ancient DNA could be viewed as being in agreement with such a presence in North Africa in ancient times (about 15,0006,000 years ago) and with the fact that the North African populations are considered by most scholars as having their closest relations with European and Asian populations (Cherni et al. 2008; Ennafaa et al. 2009; Kefi et al. 2005; Rando et al. 1998). However, considering the general understanding nowadays that human settlement of the rest of the world emerged from eastern northern Africa less than 50,000 years ago, a better explanation of these haplogroups might be that their frequencies reflect the original modern human population of these parts of Africa as much as or more than intrusions from outside the continent. The ways that gene frequencies may increase or decrease based on adaptive selection, gene flow, and/or social processes is under study and would benefit from the results of studies on autosomal and Y-chromosome markers. [/QUOTE]--Frigi et al. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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