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Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa, Hodgson, 2014
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Truthcentric: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [qb] [QUOTE]Specifically, both of these ancient individuals (Edit:Ramses III and the screaming mummy) inherited the alleles D21S11=35 and CSFIPO=7, which are [b]found throughout Sub-Saharan Africa[/b] but are comparatively [b]rare or absent in other regions of the world[/b] . These [b]African related alleles[/b] are different from the [b]African related alleles[/b] identified for the previously studied Amarna period mummies (D18S51=19 and D21S11=34).11 This provides independent evidence for [b]African autosomal ancestry in two different pharaonic families of New Kingdom Egypt[/b] [/QUOTE]from: http://dnatribes.com/dnatribes-digest-2013-02-01.pdf [/qb][/QUOTE]The results of the autosomal analyses do indicate to me that the ancient Egyptians sampled were biologically indigenous Africans. However, they may not necessarily negate the existence of the Northeast African substructure as described by Swenet et al. Even if Northeast Africans have a fraternal relationship to the ancestors of Eurasians, Eurasians could have still picked up some genetic components that distinguish them from the former. Take the putative Neanderthal-like ancestry in Eurasians for instance. If this admixture affected Eurasians who left Africa but never made it to the Northeast African groups who evolved into ancient Egypto-Nubians, maybe said Egypto-Nubians might appear more "equatorial/southern African" in DNA Tribes' analyses than they actually are due to the relative absence of a Eurasian Neanderthal component. Just a thought... [/qb][/QUOTE]^^^You are welcome to post but it would be nice if you read the rest of the thread instead of just jumping in without reading the rest. I already discussed all of this in a [URL=http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=008966;p=3#000120]previous post in this thread[/URL] . Basically there was indeed some substructure (obviously) among African population during the OOA migrations of non-Africans but it's between the CT haplogroup and the A and B haplogroups. So only 3 basal grandfathers left uniparental lineage descendants on earth, the A grandfather, the B grandfather and the CT grandfather. This is the substructure that was actually present as CT haplogroup carriers were closer to future non-Africans than A or B carriers. But then of course A and B haplogroup carriers continued to eventually interact, intermarry and admix with E haplogroup carriers in Africa (East Africa period, Green Sahara period, Bantu migration, various population movements and admixtures throughout history, etc). Between the time non-Africans left Africa some 65kya and their back migrations into Africa they had more than enough time to become their own people (with their own genetic make up, history, general physiological appearences, etc). Combined with the founder/bottleneck effect, that's why there's a relatively large genetic distance between African populations and non-African populations. Nowadays population living in African borderlines states have non-African gene flow because of back to Africa migrations (much later than the OOA migrations). The same way some Europeans are of African origin because of "recent" immigration of Africans in Europe. So there was an A, B and CT substructure in Africa before the OOA migrations. But [b]CT is an haplogroup common to most African populations including east and west Africans as most of them are E carriers. [/b] So OOA migrants were closer to future E haplogroup carriers than A and B haplogroup carriers. Not just Northeast Africans like Swenet and you are trying to claim but also West, Central and Southern Africans. The CT and its E descendant haplogroups are common all across Africa. Then between the time non-Africans left Africa some 65kya and their back migration into Africa they had more than enough time to become their own people (with their own genetic make up, history, general physiological appearances, cultures, etc). Nowadays populations living in African borderlines states like in East Africa have significant non-African gene flows because of the back to Africa migrations of F-descendant carriers (much later than the OOA migrations). [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Y-DNA_tree.GIF[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE][QUOTE] Y-DNA haplogroup F is the parent of all Y-DNA haplogroups G through T and contains more than 90% of the world’s population.[b] Haplogroup F was in the original migration out of Africa, or else it was founded soon afterward, because F and its sub-haplogroups are primarily found outside, with very few inside, sub-Saharan Africa. The founder of F could have lived between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago, depending on the time of the out-of-Africa migration.[/b] The major sub-groups of Haplogroup F are Haplogroups G, H, [IJ], and K, which are discussed elsewhere at this site. The minor sub-groups, F*, F1, and F2 have not been well studied, but apparently occur only infrequently and primarily in the Indian subcontinent. F* has been observed in two individuals in Portugal, possibly representing a remnant of 15th and 16th century contact of Portugal with India. [/QUOTE] http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpF.html [QUOTE] This branching pattern, along with the geographical distribution of the major clades A, B, and CT, has been interpreted as supporting an African origin for anatomically modern humans,10 with Khoisan from south Africa and Ethiopians from east Africa sharing the deepest lineages of the phylogeny.15 and 16 [...] [IMG]http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0002929711001649-gr1.jpg[/IMG] The deepest branching separates A1b from a monophyletic clade whose members (A1a, A2, A3, B, C, and [b]R[/b]) all share seven mutually reinforcing derived mutations (five transitions and two transversions, all at non-CpG sites). [...] [IMG]http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0002929711001649-gr2.jpg[/IMG] How does the present MSY tree compare with the backbone of the recently published “reference” MSY phylogeny?13 The phylogenetic relationships we observed among chromosomes belonging to haplogroups B, C, and[b] R [/b]are reminiscent of those reported in the tree by Karafet et al.13 [b]These chromosomes belong to a clade (haplogroup BT) in which chromosomes C and R share a common ancestor[/b] (Figure 2). [/QUOTE]--Fulvio Cruciani et al A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: [b]The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa[/b] (2011) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929711001649 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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