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Lazaridis explains Basal Eurasian etc
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Tukuler: [QB] Lazaridis explains Basal Eurasian[list] [*]p.9 ... Stuttgart is partially (44 ± 10%) derived from a “[b]Basal Eurasian[/b]” lineage that [URL=http://underscore]split prior to the separation of eastern non-Africans from the common ancestor of WHG and ANE[/URL]. If this model is accurate, the ANE/WHG split must have occurred >24,000 years ago since this is the age 6 of MA1 and this individual is on the ANE lineage. The WHG must then have split from eastern non-Africans >40,000 years ago, as this is the age of the Chinese Tianyuan sample which clusters with eastern non-Africans to the exclusion of Europeans 28. The Basal Eurasian split would then have to be even older. A[URL=http://underscore] Basal Eurasian lineage in the Near East[/URL] is plausible given the presence of [URL=http://underscore]anatomically modern humans in the Levant 29 ~100 thousand years ago[/URL] and [URL=http://underscore]African-related tools likely made by modern humans in Arabia[/URL] 30,31. Alternatively, evidence for [URL=http://underscore]gene flow between the Near East and Africa[/URL] 32, and [URL=http://underscore]African morphology in pre-farming Natufians 33 from Israel[/URL], may also be consistent with the population representing a later movement of humans out of Africa and into the Near East. [/list] [list] [*]p.140 (SI p.99) A single such admixture event into Stuttgart (as in Fig. S14.2e) would fully explain #3, i.e., that all eastern non-Africans are more closely related to hunter-gatherers than to Stuttgart. Such an idea is also archaeologically plausible on account of the Near Eastern related admixture that we have detected in Stuttgart. [URL=http://underscore]The Near East was the staging point for the peopling of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans.[/URL] As a result, it is entirely plausible that it harbored deep Eurasian ancestry which did not participate in the initial peopling of Eurasia, but was much later brought into Europe by Near Eastern farmers. More speculatively, some [URL=http://underscore]basal Eurasian admixture in the Near East may reflect[/URL] the early presence of [URL=http://underscore]anatomically modern humans[/URL] 9 in the Levant, or the populations responsible for the appearance of the [URL=http://underscore]Nubian Complex in Arabia[/URL] 10, both of which date much earlier than the widespread dissemination of modern humans across Eurasia. Finally, it could reflect continuing [URL=http://underscore]more recent gene flows between the Near East and nearby Africa[/URL] after the initial out-of-Africa dispersal, perhaps associated with the spread of [URL=http://underscore]Y-chromosome haplogroup E subclades from eastern Africa[/URL] 11,12 into the Near East, which appeared at least [URL=http://underscore]7,000 years ago in Neolithic Europe[/URL] 13, or the detection of [URL=http://underscore]African skeletal morphology in Epipaleolithic Natufians from Israel[/URL] 14. [/list] [list] [*]p.143 (SI p.102) We conclude that (i) gene flow into the Karitiana originated from a basal West Eurasian population and (ii) Neolithic farmers such as Stuttgart had admixture from a Basal Eurasian population is consistent with the evidence. ... We should caution that [URL=http://underscore]this population is termed [i]“Basal Eurasian”[/i] on account of its phylogenetic position in the model[/URL] (basal to all Eurasian groups and contributing only to Stuttgart), but [URL=http://underscore]its geographical distribution in the past is unknown[/URL]. Fitted parameters, however, indicate that Basal Eurasians share with other Eurasians most of the (Mbuti->non_African) genetic drift associated with “Out-of-Africa” populations. [/list] Note that Basal Eurasian and a few other names are "ghost" i.e., statistic derived, hypothetical, i.e., model populations. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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