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beyoku asks: Which population is the most genetically distinct from Sub Saharans?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [qb] @Son of Ra Eurasians are descendants of the Y-DNA CT haplogroup and the MtDNA L3 haplogroup common to both East and West Africans. It can't be clearer than this. [/qb][/QUOTE] [QUOTE]This branching pattern, along with the geographical distribution of the major clades A, B, and[b] CT, has been interpreted as supporting an African origin for anatomically modern humans,[/b]10 with Khoisan from south Africa and Ethiopians from east Africa sharing the deepest lineages of the phylogeny.15 and 16 [...] The deepest branching separates A1b from a monophyletic clade whose members (A1a, A2, A3, B, C, and R) all share seven mutually reinforcing derived mutations (five transitions and two transversions, all at non-CpG sites). [IMG]http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0002929711001649-gr2.jpg[/IMG] These chromosomes belong to a clade (haplogroup BT) in which chromosomes C and R share a common ancestor (Figure 2). [/QUOTE]--Fulvio Cruciani et al A Revised Root for the Human Y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa (2011) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929711001649 [QUOTE] [IMG]http://books.google.nl/books?id=WAsKm-_zu5sC&hl=nl&pg=PA39&img=1&pgis=1&dq=you+are+more+likely+to+sample+&sig=ACfU3U1f4CreZoy0ku8KIxTikPd18H4x0A&edge=0[/IMG] As we'll see, other genetic data corroborates the mitochondrial results, placing the root of the human family tree - our most recent common ancestor- in Africa within the past few hundred thousand years. Consistent with this result, all of the genetic data shows the greatest number of polymorphisms in Africa - there is simply far more variation in that continent than anywhere else. You are more likely to sample extremely divergent genetic lineages within a single African village than you are in whole of the rest of the world. The majority of the genetic polymorphisms found in our species are found uniquely in Africans - Europeans, Asians and Native Americans carry only a small sample of the extraordinary diversity that can be found in any African village. Why does diversity indicate greater age? Thinking back to our hypothetical Provencal village, why do the bouillabaisse recipes change? Because in each generation, a daughter decides to modify her soup in a minor way. Over time, these small variations add up to an extraordinary amount of diversity in the village's kitchens. And - critically - the longer the village has been accumulating these changes, the more diverse it is. It is like a clock, ticking away in units of rosemary and thyme - the longer it has been ticking, the more differences we see. It is the same phenomenon Emile Zuckerkandl noted in his proteins - more time equals more change. So, when we see greater genetic diversity in a particular population, we can infer that the population is older - and this makes Africa the oldest of all. [/QUOTE]--Dr Spencer Wells, The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey, p 39. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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