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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] dup [/qb][/QUOTE] :D [QUOTE] Sequence The noun: [b]the order in which subunits appear in a chain,[/b] such as amino acids in a polypeptide or nucleotide bases in a dNA or rNA molecule. The verb: To find out in what order the subunits appear in the chain. [/QUOTE] :rolleyes: [QUOTE] Genetic polymorphism Dictionary » G » Genetic polymorphism Definition noun (1) [b]The existence together of many forms of DNA sequences at a locus within the population.[/b] (2) A discontinuous genetic variation that results in different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species. Supplement Genetic polymorphism promotes diversity within a population. It often persists over many generations because no single form has an overall advantage or disadvantage over the others regarding natural selection. A common example is the different allelic forms that give rise to different blood types in humans. [/QUOTE] http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Genetic_polymorphism [IMG]http://img707.imageshack.us/img707/5201/kefitaforaltbiased.jpg[/IMG] As can seen above, and as Tukuler has mentioned many times. The polymorphisms sequenced by Tafi are synonyms with L types. Odd, umh? :D 16239T 16204C 16226T 16189C 16261T 16126C 16355T 16126C 16304C 16126C 16126C 16172C 16174T 16172C 16174T 16298T/C 16179T 16298T/C 16223T [QUOTE] Allele Dictionary » A » Allele Definition noun, plural: alleles (genetics) [b]One member of a pair (or any of the series) of genes occupying a specific spot on a chromosome (called locus) that controls the same trait.[/b] Supplement For example, a pair of alleles controlling the same trait, i.e. eye color: one allele codes for blue eyes, another allele for brown eyes. In humans, simple traits such as eye color may be caused by the interaction of only one pair of alleles. But for complex traits, such as height, they are usually caused by the interactions of series of alleles. Some alleles are dominant over other alleles, as in the case of heterozygous pairings (where paired alleles are different, in contrast to homozygous pairings where alleles are the same). In the above example, since the alleles code for different eye colors they are heterozygous. Colloquially, the term gene is used when referring to an inherited trait that is usually accompanied by a phenotype as in ‘tall genes’ or ‘bad genes’ – but the more proper (scientific) term for this is allele. Word origin: From German Allel, shortened from Allelomorph, from English allelomorph. Related forms: allelic (adjective), biallelic (adjective), diallelic (adjective), monoallelic (adjective), allelism (noun), nonallelic (adjective). Synonym: allelomorph. [/QUOTE] http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Allele [QUOTE] Lalueza-Fox states: "However, the biggest surprise was to discover that [b]this individual possessed African versions in the genes that determine the light pigmentation of the current Europeans,[/b] which indicates that he had dark skin, although we can not know the exact shade." [/QUOTE] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140126134643.htm [QUOTE] Frequencies display strong population differentiation, with the derived light skin pigmentation allele (A111T) fixed or nearly so in all European pop- ulations and the ancestral allele predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia (Lamason et al. 2005; Norton et al. 2007). [...] Phased haplotypes were retrieved from HapMap, Release 21. For phylogenetic analysis, graphs were drawn by the use of a sim- ple nearest-neighbor approach and rooted by the use of ancestral alleles determined by comparison with other primate sequences. [...] [b]"Of the remaining 10 common core haplotype groups, all ancestral at rs1426654, [i]eight clearly have their origins in Africa [/i][/b](Figure 3B, Figure 4, and Table S4). Three early diverging haplotypes, C1, C2, and C4, are rare outside of Africa and clearly originated there." [b]"In the lineage containing the majority of haplotypes, each of the three branches, containing C5, C6-C7, and C8-C11, give strong evidence of having originated in Africa.[/b] C5 reaches its greatest abundance in West Africa and is rare outside of Africa. Within the other two branches, C6 and C9, which are the most common haplotypes in Africa, are also common worldwide, whereas C7 is abundant in East Asia and much less common but widespread in Africa. " [...] Our dating for this haplotype is consistent with a non-African origin. The most likely location for the origin of C11 is, therefore, within the region in which it is fixed or nearly so. As both models for the origin of C11 imply that C3 and C10 were present in ancestors of Europeans, the observed and inferred [b]distributions of these autosomal haplotypes are consistent with the single-out-of- Africa hypothesis derived using uniparental markers [/b](Oppenheimer 2003; Macaulay et al. 2005). [/QUOTE]--Victor A. Canfield et al. Molecular Phylogeography of a Human Autosomal Skin Color Locus Under Natural Selection Bye bye... [/QB][/QUOTE]
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