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Haplogroup H Probably Originated in Africa
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by xyyman: [qb] Ha! Ha! Ha! I am not making strawman argument. I making a statement of fact based upon the data presented by Enaaffa. That the data shows hg-H did [b]NOT[/b] originate in Europe. Her data however shows more likely the origin is in the Arabian region. Enaaffa data shows Arabia has [b]only a slight edge[/b] over Africa as the origin of mtDNA hg-H. The geographic pattern however shows the strong presence of the upstream H* and Older clades in “southern Arabia/Yemen” and North Africa. With lower frequency in the Levant and virtual absence in Egypt. That tells me there is a southern Arabia/North Africa connection….meaning Arabia was NOT the source but the recipient. Highest frequency of upstream R0 is found in Arabia AND Sudan region. In addition. The high presence of HV in Western Africa and the high frequency of the other sub-clades such H1 and H3 in Africa and Iberia/Italy also points to an African origin for the macro-group. The decrease cline from West to East of H in Europe also points to an African origin. If I am a betting man. I am with Dr Winters on an African origin. Time …or Kefi will tell. [/qb][/QUOTE]I am glad you agree with me. But you need to read the Ennafaa article, he does not see the Near East as the origin for hg H. Ennafaa was trying to show that the Straits of Gibraltar was not a barrier to the spread of hg H into Europe. See: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/10/8 e] [QUOTE] Ennafaa noted...... As a consequence, it has been proposed that the North African gene pool has had Palaeolithic and Neolithic influences from the East, but that the impact of the historicalinvasions, such as the Arabic role, had more a cultural than a demic effect.[b] The lack of exclusive haplotypic matches between North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula found here is in accordance with that hypothesis.[/b] Third,the southward clinal diminution of haplogroup H frequencies found at mitochondrial level is well explained as a counteracting effect of the northward clinal diminution of the Sub-Saharan maternal gene flow [15,5,19]. Fourth,the genetic heterogeneity detected between the North African and the Iberian Peninsula populations has been attributed to both the effect of the physical barrier imposed by the Strait of Gibraltar and strong cultural differences.However, some gene flow has been detected between areas and its strength depends mainly on the type of marker used. The strongest barrier effect has been detected in analyses based on Y-chromosome polymorphisms [30]. The levels of gene flow detected in autosomal studies have been of more diverse range [4,56] and, in some cases, seem to depend on the population samples used as is the case with, for instance, the CD4/Alu microsatellite haplotypes [60,61]. In contrast, a high female permeability has been deduced from several mitochondrial studies that pointed to the existence of an important maternal Iberian input on North Africa [15,19].[b] Although there is no archaeological evidence to justify such a demic flow from Iberia to North Africa,[/b] based on the phylogeographic range, comparative gene diversity and ages of several mitochondrial haplogroups such as V, H1, H3, and U5b1b [25,37,26], the[b] presence of these haplogroups in North Africa is thought[/b] to be the result of a southward expansion of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers from the Franco- Cantabrian refuge after the Last Glacial Maximum. In fact, coalescence ages for H1 and H3 subclades estimated in this study are in good agreement with those previously published and are congruent with these expansions. [/QUOTE]As you can see any expansion from Europe and the Near East into Northwest Africa lacks any archaeological or genomic evidence and is based on pure conjecture. . . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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