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Ancient Kush: the missing link?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [QB] Barachit says: [b]I was talking about modern day africans. Are ALL moderne "tribes" migrte directly from Egypt? The answer is YES for many afro centered scholars [/b]. ^^I don't think many Afro-centered scholars necessarily hold this as a sacred theory. SOME do but whether this is even a majority is open to question. The claim of some sort of huge migration out of Egypt to West Africa due to the Assyrian conquest circa 700-600BC is an old one, associated with assorted diffusionists or with Chancellor Williams circa 1970. But this is old scholarship from 1970 and the 1960s. Few credible modern scholars are going round claiming that West African civilization came about because of the "fleeing blacks" scurrying out of Egypt ahead of Persians or Assyrians, or that the "Bantu" migrations were started by allegedly "fleeing" blacks. The Bantu migrations were already underway centuries before alleged "fleeing negroes" reputedly began them. Again, few credible scholars today advance such extreme notions. Molefi Asante, a leading "Afrocentric" scholar, makes few such claims in his books. If he has somewhere, I would indeed like to see an exact quote and specific reference. They may exist but to date few have been able to produce said references. The Obenga link details his argument for linkages between Egyptian and the West African Yoruba, but others see a better link with Northeast African peoples and the Chadic peoples, not West Africans. In any event the linkages are with AFRICAN peoples, so the attempt by some to play a non-African "splittism" game fails. There are differing schools of thought, not the monolithic 'Afrocentric' bogeyman invoked in many quarters. Barachit says: [b]You will find hundreds of linguistic,anthropological and cultural comparison between modern african group like the Yoruba, Akan, Wolof etc... and the ancient egytians. [/b] ^^So what? Cross cultural comparisons are the stuff of Anthropology. In fact we can thank WHITE scholars for making numerous such comparisons. The detailed analyses of Frankfort for example show us numerous cultural parallels between Egyptians and other Africans. [b]Here is the conservative Encyclopedia Britannica on Egyptian religion for example: [/b] [i]"A large number of gods go back to prehistoric times. The images of a cow and star goddess (Hathor), the falcon (Horus), and the human-shaped figures of the fertility god (Min) can be traced back to that period. Some rites, such as the "running of the Apil-bull," the "hoeing of the ground," and other fertility and hunting rites (e.g., the hippopotamus hunt) presumably date from early times.. Connections with the religions in southwest Asia cannot be traced with certainty." "It is doubtful whether Osiris can be regarded as equal to Tammuz or Adonis, or whether Hathor is related to the "Great Mother." There are closer relations with northeast African religions. The numerous animal cults (especially bovine cults and panther gods) and details of ritual dresses (animal tails, masks, grass aprons, etc) probably are of African origin. The kinship in particular shows some African elements, such as the king as the head ritualist (i.e., medicine man), the limitations and renewal of the reign (jubilees, regicide), and the position of the king's mother (a matriarchal element). Some of them can be found among the Ethiopians in Napata and Meroe, others among the Prenilotic tribes (Shilluk)."[/i] (Encyclopedia Britannica 1984 ed. Macropedia Article, Vol 6: "Egyptian Religion" , pg 506-508) [b]And here are some more conservative white scholars on comparisons. In fact, one of them, a leading Egyptologist, Redford, is on record as a sometime CRITIC of 'Afrocentrism".. [/b] ".. but his [Frankfort's] frequent citations from African ethnography- over 60 are listed in the index- demonstrate that there is a powerful resonance between recent African concepts and practice on one hand, and ancient Egyptian kingship and religion on the other.." Rowlands (Chapter 4) provides much additional evidence suggesting that 'sub-Saharan Africa and Ancient Egypt share certain commonalities in substantiative images and ideas, yet whose cultural forms display differences consistent with perhaps millennia of historical divergence and institutionalization'. "First, kingship in Egypt was 'the channel through which the powers of nature flowed into the body politic to bring human endeavour to fruition' and thus was closely analogous to the widespread African belief that 'chieftains entertain closer relationship with the powers in nature than other men' (Frankfort 1948: 33, ch. 2). Second, the Egyptian king's metaphorical identification as an all powerful bull who tramples his enemies and inseminates his cow-mother to achieve regeneration was derived from Egyptian ideas and beliefs abut cattle for which best parallels can be found in some, but not all, recent African societies.." "Like the chiefs discussed by Rowlands, the king combines 'life giving forces with the power to kill" (Rowlands, CHaptr 4:52). Overall, this Egyptian concept of kingship, so akin to African models, seems very different to that held in the ancient Near East (Frankfort 1948; Postgate 1995)" "In conclusion, there is a relative abundance of ancient materials relevant to contact and influence, as well as striking correlations between ancient Egyptian civilization and the ethnography of recent and current sub-Saharan communities, chiefdoms and states... Perhaps the fact that commonalities do exist suggests that, because of great time depth and different organization, these commonalities may result from inherently African processes." --David O'Connor, Andrew Reid (2007) ANCIENT EGYPT IN AFRICA. pp 15-22 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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