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Genetic Closeness of the East/West African SNP population clusters (blog source)
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] Y-chromosome E haplogroups: their distribution and implication to the origin of Afro-Asiatic languages and pastoralism, by Eyoab I Gebremeskel1,2 and Muntaser E Ibrahim1 http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v22/n12/full/ejhg201441a.html?WT.ec_id=EJHG-201412 [QUOTE] Abstract Archeological and paleontological evidences point to East Africa as the likely area of early evolution of modern humans. Genetic studies also indicate that populations from the region often contain, but not exclusively, representatives of the more basal clades of mitochondrial and Y-chromosome phylogenies. [b]Most Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in Africa, however, is present within macrohaplogroup E that seem to have appeared 21 00032 000 YBP somewhere between the Red Sea and Lake Chad.[/b] The combined analysis of 17 bi-allelic markers in 1214 Y chromosomes together with cultural background of 49 populations displayed in various metrics: network, multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis and neighbor-joining plots, indicate a major contribution of East African populations to the foundation of the macrohaplogroup, suggesting a diversification that predates the appearance of some cultural traits and the subsequent expansion that is more associated with the cultural and linguistic diversity witnessed today. The proto-Afro-Asiatic group carrying the E-P2 mutation may have appeared at this point in time and subsequently gave rise to the different major population groups including current speakers of the Afro-Asiatic languages and pastoralist populations. [/QUOTE][/QUOTE]This is an interesting paper I was already familiar with. I suppose then I do agree with you, in light of the evidence of this paper, that the homeland of Obenga's "African Common Stock" (Negro-African) language ([URL=http://www.ankhonline.com/ankh_num_16/ankh_16_t_obenga_ancient%20egyptian%20and%20modern%20yoruba.pdf]LINK[/URL]), the mother language of Niger-Kordofanian, Nilo-Saharan, Cushitic and Chadic speakers, would be around the Northeastern African region between the Red Sea and Lake Chad. This is the position I always maintained. This is confirmed in this paper by the origin of the E haplogroups in this region (as well as the descendant E/E-P2 haplogroup lineage). As mentioned in the quote above from the study, the E haplogroup, which is the parent haplogroup of E-P2, is the most common haplogroup in Africa (East, West, North, South). It is the most common haplogroup among NK, Cushitic and Chadic speakers. For example, over 90% of Yoruba and 80% of Somali populations are from the E lineage. Those populations also share many MtDNA haplogroup counterparts (L3eikx, L2a, etc). Populations from the E lineage would then spread to the (rest of the) Sahara, other regions in East Africa, and then eventually West Africa and Southern Africa. The dating of 21 00032 000 YBP for the E haplogroup is also interesting even if, like glottochronology estimates, those are only estimates based of a subjective rates of change. A 21 00032 000 YBP dating for the origin of the E haplogroup would situates it well after the OOA migrations of non-Africans (around 65 000 years ago). So East and West Africans, as well as most African populations from the E lineage, would share a whooping 33 000+ years of shared history (65 000-32 000= 33 000), admixtures, and biological and morphological change/adaptation and continuity before any back migration of Eurasians. The value is actually higher, hence the +, since they also share the downstream E-P2 lineage which appeared obviously at a later date (later than 21 00032 000 years before present). This explain the why East and West African ancestral populations [URL=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aDcB98_NT8M/UJBgPOHIk2I/AAAAAAAAAzc/wQUT4GkY-K8/s640/nj.png]would be so close to each other[/URL] from the blogger "Admixture software" runs exposed above in this thread (as well as other peer-reviewed studies) in relations to non-African populations. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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