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Modern North Africans' recent origin is outside Africa
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [qb] I need to look at the pdf but it seems to me right off the bat that assorted authors do that capture a full snapshot the region "North Africa" but mostly a very selective coastal part. Karima et al 2011 for example use data from mostly coastal samples for "North Africa" covering Coastal Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and then Libyan Tuareg, and Northern/Lower Egypt up near the Cairo area. Why didn't they cover southern/Upper Egypt? Thus sweeping claims about "North Africa" can in a strict sense only apply to COASTAL North Africa. What about the rest of the region. like southern Egypt, etc? This is a long-standing issue- how they sample. And once they get the coastal samples to stand in for "North Africa" then they can conveniently juxtapose them against distant "Sub-Saharan" samples somewhere near the Congo. El-Sibai et al 2011 for example use the same "coastal" approach and then compare that to distant Congo, Gabon, Nigeria. But their "Middle Eastern" or "Eurasian" comparison sample is right next door- Syria, Israel, Lebanon. By contrast, they don't use the Sudan right next door to Egypt even though that location is also sometimes classified as "North African" by mainstream geography writings. We have seen this double standard time and time again, and Keita comments on such selective sampling in the literature. The statement: [b]Modern North Africans' recent origin is outside Africa[/b] Is misleading when the full picture is considered as detailed above. It would be more accurate to say that SOME modern North African's recent origin, using mostly COASTAL sampling, may be outside of Africa. [/qb][/QUOTE]The implication is: [i]The results of this study show that there is a native genetic component which defines North Africans. In-depth study of these markers, shows that [b]the people inhabiting North Africa today are not descendants of either the earliest occupants of this region fifty thousand years ago, or descendants of the most recent Neolithic populations. [/b][/i] So the people today are not the descendants of either the earliest occupants and most recent Neolithic populations. Meaning they are not the same people, simply put. vs [i]The ancestors of modern North Africans returned to Africa [b]The data shows that the ancestors of today's North Africans were a group of populations which already lived in the region around thirteen thousand years ago.[/b][/i] So, of which people do they speak here? Is it the former group already discussed or another group, within the previous chapter? [i]Furthermore, this local North African genetic component is very different from the one found in the populations in the south of the Sahara, which shows that the ancestors of today's North Africans were members of a subgroup of humanity who left Africa to conquer the rest of the world and who subsequently returned to the north of the continent to settle in the region.[/i] I assume the local part is referred to as E-M81 (?). Though, nothing is being said about that, specially. Further more they stated that it is very differnt from "sub Sahara". What's very different, they don't say. We have to take it for face value as a fact. We now know that West Saharans and Tuareg carry the ancestral clade of E-M81. They then returned as well. But of which North African group do they speak here, in detail? [QUOTE] “Haplogroup E Haplogroup E is the most frequent haplogroup in Africa, but is also found in the Middle East, southern Europe and Asia (Cruciani et al., 2002; Semino et al., 2004; Karafet et al., 2008). Among its sub-clades, E-M81 and E-M78 seem to be of North African origin with Paleolithic and Neolithic expansions that reached surrounding areas (Arredi et al., 2004; Cruciani et al., 2007). [b]Firstly, E-M81 is the most common haplogroup in North Africa showing its highest concentrations in Northwestern Africa (76 % in Saharawis in Morocco (Arredi et al., 2004)) with cline frequencies decreasing eastward: Algeria (45 %), Libya (34 %) and Egypt (10 %) (Robino et al., 2008; Triki-Fendri et al., submitted; Arredi et al., 2004).[/b] [b]Besides, Ottoni et al., (2011) have reported that E-M81 appear to constitute a common paternal genetic matrix in the Tuareg populations where it was encountered at high frequency (89 %).[/b] Hence, the distribution of this haplogroup in Africa closely matches the present area of Berber-speaking population’s allocation on the continent, suggesting a close haplogroup-ethnic group parallelism (Bosch et al., 2001; Cruciani et al., 2002; 2004; Arredi et al., 2004; Fadhlaoui-Zid et al., 2011; Bekada et al., 2013). However, knowing that the Berber dialects have been replaced by Arabic in North African populations, carriers of E-M81 haplogroup are currently Arab-speaking peoples whose ancestors were Berber-speaking. [...] Outside of Africa, E-M81 is almost absent in the Middle East and in Europe (with the exception of Iberia and Sicily). The presence of E-M81 in the Iberian Peninsula (12 % in southern Portugal) (Cruciani et al., 2004) has been attributed to trans-Mediterranean contacts linked to the Islamic influence, since it is typically Berber (Bosch et al., 2001; Semino et al., 2004; Beleza et al., 2006; Alvarez et al., 2009; Cruciani et al., 2007; Trombetta et al., 2011). [/QUOTE]--S Triki-Fendri, A Rebai 2015 Synthetic review on the genetic relatedness between North Africa and Arabia deduced from paternal lineage distributions [/QB][/QUOTE]
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