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They have Hannibal Barca as black again and Eurocentrics are mad again
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] Look it up in google: beidane haratine slave 4,360 results _________________ this is some rare topic you can't find information on? [/qb][/QUOTE]How does that answer the question I am addressing, on ethnic (tribal) designation? Why is it they never write they specific ethnic designation? And yes of course I can find info on "beidane haratine slave" in any search engine. However, that is not the question. I took a quick look at "DOCUMENTARY: THE LONG PATH TO FREEDOM". There are "former slaves" of different color complexions. [QUOTE] Caste is the most specific of these crucial concepts. When applied to West African societies, it is used in the very general meaning of the division of societies into hierarchically-ranked, endogamous-occupational groups. The relationship between these has ritual as well as economic significance. All of the groups in the western Sudan who were integrated and functioning parts of one or more indigenous empires of the past, share a basic common class structure: Free People (nobles and commoners), Casted People (different craftsmen), Artisans and Entertainers (griots), Freed People (former slaves) and Slaves. Likewise, the caste division of these structures is largely the same (weavers, leatherworkers, entertainers, etc...). The similarly of social structure, the migratory nature of the area’s population, the fact that marriage rules apply more strictly to first marriages and become progressively looser thereafter, and that except for slave status, the offspring’s status follows the father’s, permits a much greater social mobility over a generation or two than would otherwise seem likely. To understand Mauritanian society, one must understand its ethnic groups, its tribes, social-economic classes and its castes. The major ethic groups and subdivision are as follows: The Hassaniya speakers who predominate over the majority of the country except along the river are divisible into two crucial subgroups – the Beydane or white Moors and the Haratine or black Moors. The Beydane are traditionally further divided into Z’waya (religious or marabout groups), M’allmin (craftsmen) and Igawen (entertainers). Besides the traditional occupation by which these subgroups are identified, they generally involve themselves in some other types commercial trading, livestock raising or both. The Haratine are commonly referred to as “freed slaves,” in contrast to the term Abid that means a captured slave. They are viewed as the descendants of former black slaves that were originally taken from along the river, Mali or Senegal. Some live as an integral part of a larger Beydane encampment. Others have their own encampments and work as herders or are settled in Haratine agricultural communities. Haratines generally categorize themselves in the following groups: Arabs, Africans or distinctly different group. While they are generally held in low esteem in some areas of Mauritania, [b]Haratine are considered higher than *Zenaga. [/b]This is especially true in eastern areas where some Haratine groups have risen above their normal sharecropper role to acquire considerable herds of animals. [/QUOTE] http://mauritania.usembassy.gov/uploads/images/o39wijI-r0pvc5_y22VocA/MauritanianSocialStructure.pdf *Zenaga (Sanhaja) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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