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The genetic structure of the world’s first farmers - Iosif Lazaridis
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by xyyman: [qb] Ish. doesn't matter what "label" they use. PN2. E1b* is of African origin. Don't get bent out of shape with labels. Natufians are primarily Africans they are NOT closely related to modern West Africans. As I explained to the youngsta. E1b1a is relatively young. The mutation did NOT occur circa 8000BC? When the African Natufians left Africa. As I mentioned in another thread. I don't expect to find E1b1a in West Africa prior to 3000BC. But By 3000BC, Yes, E1b1a will occur in the Nile Valley because it is an East African Nile Valley mutation. That is why the AEians were SSA E1b1a. Modern West Africans displaced the indigenous populations as they migrated Westwards. The Natufians and African Levantine will not be expected to be closely related to AEians. Check the timeline. [/qb][/QUOTE]I have seen PN2 being mentioned. Anyway, they are very specific on Raqefet Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel. So I had to look up some info. Perhaps Swenet, can explain more about this, considering (your background in anthropology). [QUOTE]Flowering plants possess mechanisms that stimulate positive emotional and social responses in humans. It is difficult to establish when people started to use flowers in public and ceremonial events because of the scarcity of relevant evidence in the archaeological record. We report on uniquely preserved 13,700–11,700-y-old grave linings made of flowers, suggesting that such use began much earlier than previously thought. The only potentially older instance is the questionable use of flowers in the Shanidar IV Neanderthal grave. The earliest cemeteries (ca. 15,000–11,500 y ago) in the Levant are known from Natufian sites in northern Israel, where dozens of burials reflect a wide range of inhumation practices. The newly discovered flower linings were found in four Natufian graves at the burial site of Raqefet Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel. Large identified plant impressions in the graves include stems of sage and other Lamiaceae (Labiatae; mint family) or Scrophulariaceae (figwort family) species; accompanied by a plethora of phytoliths, they provide the earliest direct evidence now known for such preparation and decoration of graves. Some of the plant species attest to spring burials with a strong emphasis on colorful and aromatic flowers. Cave floor chiseling to accommodate the desired grave location and depth is also evident at the site. Thus, grave preparation was a sophisticated planned process, embedded with social and spiritual meanings reflecting a complex preagricultural society undergoing profound changes at the end of the Pleistocene. [/QUOTE]--Dani Nadela,1, Avinoam Daninb, Robert C. Powerc, Arlene M. Rosend, Fanny Bocquentine, Alexander Tsatskina, Danny Rosenberga, Reuven Yeshuruna,f, Lior Weissbroda, Noemi R. Rebollog, Omry Barzilaig, and Elisabetta Boarettog Earliest floral grave lining from 13,700–11,700-y-old Natufian burials at Raqefet Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel http://www.pnas.org/content/110/29/11774.abstract [/QB][/QUOTE]
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