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Chad Genetic Diversity : Multiple Eurasian Migrations 2016
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [qb] Just because the oldest instance of a probable R1b-V88 in Iberia dates to 7,100ya (ID I0410, Els Trocs, Spain, Haak et al. 2015), does not make it older than the Chadian clade. Researchers have found that the TMRCA of V88 was 9200-5600 kya (Cruciani et al, 2010). Eurasians carry the M269 (R1b1b2) mutation. The subclades of R1b1b2 include Rh1b1b2g (U106) (TMRCA 8.3kya) and R1b1b2h (U152) (TMRCA 7.4kya). The most recent common ancestor for R1b1b2 is probably 8kya (Balaresque et al, 2010). The fact that the earliest R1b aY-chromosome comes from Iberia should not be a surprise since West Africans frequently crossed into Eurasia via Iberia, instead of the Levant. In Africa we find V45 (R-M207) and V88. Clearly, R-V88 in Chad is older than V88 in Iberia, Most importantly there is no archaeological evidence of a back migration of haplogroup R into Africa, but there is evidence of the migration of the Kushites and Proto-Saharans into Eurasia from Middle Africa. This supports the proposition the R haplogroups originated in Africa, not Eurasia. [/qb][/QUOTE]I agree with both, you and Swenet. But the question I have, and maybe I overlooked this. You correlate V45 with "R-M207". But in the Fulvio Cruciani (2010) paper, he correlates V45 with M173. [/qb][/QUOTE]This is misdirection. If you don't keep up with the literature you want know what haplogroup is what. For example, mtDNA D, is the same as M1. They just change the name for Asian M1 to make it appear that M1 is isolated in Africa. [/qb][/QUOTE]In his earlier, 2003 paper he wrote: [QUOTE] With the exception of a single Y chromosome from Morocco with the M269 mutation (haplotype 117b), [b]all group IX African chromosomes are characterized by the presence of the M173 and M207 derived alleles and the absence of the downstream mutations [/b](haplotype 117). Haplotype 117 was found only in Cameroon, where it accounts for 26% of the chromosomes (40% in northern Cameroon). [/QUOTE]--Fulvio Cruciani Am J Hum Genet. 2002 May; 70(5): 1197–1214. Published online 2002 Mar 21. doi: 10.1086/340257 PMCID: PMC447595 A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC447595/ It is as if people have been riding this horse ever since ( or for political reasons have been beating this death horse) and he, Fulvio, continued to move on. But if correct you're saying that R-M207 equals M173, right? Reading his paper again: [QUOTE] These are: (1) haplotype 12b, carrying the M218 mutation but ancestral at M109; (2) haplotype 19b, carrying the derived alleles at M236 and M288 but ancestral at M146; (3) haplotype 41b, carrying the mutated allele at M98 but ancestral at M85; and (4) haplotype 117b, [b]carrying the M269 derived allele on a M207/M173 background.[/b] [/QUOTE]In his 2011 paper, Fulvio indeed correlates CT chromosomes with V45. So theoretically CT replaced M207. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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