Genetic studies on the prehispanic population buried in PuntaAzul cave (El Hierro, Canary Islands)
Alejandra C. Ordóñeza, , R. Fregelb, , A. Trujillo-Mederosa, , Montserrat Hervellac, , Concepción de-la-Rúac, , Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosaa, ,
Highlights • A total of 61 samples from Punta Azul were analyzed for ancient DNA. • Success rate: molecular sexing 88.5%, uniparental markers 90.16%, STR 45.9%. • There is a complete fixation of the H1-16260 mtDNA lineage. • Y-chromosome results show the presence of three lineages: E-M81, R-M269, and E-M33. • Matrilineality could explain the behaviors in maternal and paternal lineages. Abstract The aim of this study was to establish the genetic studies of the population from one of the most important known aboriginal funerary spaces of the island of El Hierro (Canary Islands), the Punta Azul cave, which harbors remains of 127 individuals. Sixty-one adult tibiae were examined, 32 left and 29 right. Radiocarbon dating yields an antiquity of 1015–1210 AD. We have obtained an overall success rate of 88.5% for the molecular sexing, and of 90.16% for the uniparental markers. Short tandem repeats (STR) profiles were also possible for 45.9% of the samples. This performance is a consequence of the good conservation of the bones in their archaeological context. The mtDNA composition of the sample is characterized by the complete fixation of the H1-16260 lineage. These results can be explained by a mixture of consecutive founding events, a bottleneck episode at the beginning of the colonization and/or as a consequence of genetic drift. Paternal lineages were also affected by these processes but in a less acute way. These differences lead us to propose social behaviors as an explanation for this difference. The maternal transmission of the lineages, mentioned in ethnohistorical sources of the Archipelago, could be an explanation. These results could be in agreement with endogamous practices, but the autosomal STR results indicate a relative high diversity. These results have allowed us to characterize the Punta Azul cave population and see the way in which geographical isolation, the process of adaptation and specific social behaviors affected the aboriginal population of the Island.
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
quote: The Canary Archipelago was the only one of the Macaronesia that was colonized before the arrival of the Europeans.
As shown in Fig. 1 seven major islands constitute the Archipelago, all of them colonized in ancient times by north African populations. The Berber origin of this ancient population is undisputed, based on genetic (Rando et al., 1999; Maca-Meyer et al., 2004), archaeological and linguistic evidences (Tejera Gaspar, 1999; Jime nez Go mez, 1993; 2003). Whether this ancient colonization took place in a single event or in several arrivals, and whether the ancient population of the seven islands differed from each other, remains largely unknown. In fact, at the time of the Spanish conquest (1402e1496) the aboriginal inhabitants of each of the islands received different names-bimbape for the population of El Hierro, guanches for the population of Tenerife, beneahoritas for that of La Palma, etc. (Tejera Gaspar et al., 2006). The island of El Hierro is the smallest one of the Canary Islands with a surface of 287 square kilometers and altitudes up to 1500 m above the sea level. El Hierro is the western-most island of the Archipelago, and therefore the most distant one to the African continent (Fig. 1).
--Alejandra C. Ordóñez et al.
Genetic studies on the prehispanic population buried in PuntaAzul cave (El Hierro, Canary Islands)
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
Man I hate being right.....nooot! lol!
So this is a continuation of the other paper? Can't get my hands on the Supplemental. I would love to see the autosomal STR profile Points that come out of the paper. 1. The author is second guessing whether R1b-M269 is really European in origin. AGAIN!!! 2. Clearly the autosomal STR profile of the Ancient Islanders are African and very different to modern Europeans. So what do we have? Clearly Africans carry mtDNa H1 and R1b-M269. Furthermore, E1a is present. Can't get more African than that. 3. "Partially published papers"? I smell a rat. Lol! What is up with these researchers and hiding data? 4. interestingly the society seemed to be matriarchal.
---- Important Quote(s) phylogenetic analysis of H lineages bearing the 16 260 mutation (Fregel et al., 2009a), it was observed that, ****outside the Canary Islands***, H1-16260 lineage was ****only**** present in a sample from ****Algeria***, reinforcing the idea of the North African origin of the aboriginal people of the Canary Islands. To correctly interpret the Punta Azul Cave mtDNA, it is important to know if the fixation of H1-16260 is common to other Bimbape populations or if it is only a feature of this site. In spite of its lower sample size (Table 1), previous available mtDNA data seem to indicate that maternal diversity was also lower in other archaeological sites, as well as in the whole island population. In other studied archaeological sites, ***partially published***, a single sample from El Julan belonged to the same haplotype that the Punta Azul samples, and nine out of thirteen samples from La Lajura were classified as CRS (Maca-Meyer et al., 2004). Tak
As for the Y-chromosome, E-M81 is an autochthonous North African lineage present in all the current samples from the Canaries and in the previous analyzed aboriginal sample (Flores et al., 2003; Fregel et al., 2009a). R-M269 is **CONSIDERED** a European marker, but it is also present at low frequencies in North Africa and in the Canarian aboriginal population (10%). Finally, one sample belonged to E-M33 haplogroup. Although this lineage has its origin in sub- Saharan Africa, it is present in both the Canarian aboriginal population and in North Africa with a frequency ~3% (Arredi et al., 2004; Fregel et al., 2009a).
T2c, U6c1, E-M78 and J-M267, affected mostly the easternmost islands. The results obtained for El Hierro are in accordance with this hypothesis, as the lineages related to the second wave are absent in both uniparental markers. According to this, El Hierrowas peopled by a sole migration wave, followed by isolation. Regarding the origin of El Hierro aboriginal population, Slatkin-linearized Fst distances based on autosomal STR are congruent with a great similarity of the Bimbapes with Berbers from Morocco, and a ******SIGNIFICANT differentiation from Europe******. This result is in accordance to previous archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence about the Berber origin of aboriginal people. One of the most outstanding archaeological remains from El Hierro consists of a series of lybicberber inscriptions, clearly related with the ancient North African Berber's inscriptions (Springer, 2001; Belmonte et al., 2010). To understand both Bimbape low genetic diversity and H1-16260 fixation in the Punta Azul cave we have to consider the geographical conditions of the El Hierro Island and the way it was peopled.
However, in the Punta Azul Cave autosomal STR results indicate a relative high diversity, almost at the same level than that observed in the modern North African populations. This result contradicts a strong diversity reduction, as well as a strong endogamic behavior in the Punta Azul cave. Some ethnohistorical sources indicate the existence
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
So. To those who can follow this stuff. The researchers did what Henn et al should have done when she wrote her infamous "back-migration' paper...from Qatar. They used BOTH Autosomal material and lineage to come to a conclusion and make inferences. What Henn did was used autosomal statistical anaylsis and observed a "bottle-neck" which she attributed to OOA decrease in diversity ie Bottle-neck. Then she did a "sleight-of-hands" and said to confirm her theory SOMEONE ELSE should do lineage analysis. Damn woman!! Lol!
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
Something I just thought of. They did an in-depth analysis of mtDNA H bearing the 16 260 mutation and concluded it is unique to Africa, so why not do the same for R1b-M269. Answer - they already know the data...but would NOT disclose it . So even THEY are hiding data.
Other point to note is that they did autosomal (STR) analysis so I am assuming they got a fair idea of SNP phenotype. Stay tuned!?
the lioness, Member # 17353
posted
quote:Originally posted by xyyman:
1. The author is second guessing whether R1b-M269 is really European in origin. AGAIN!!!
thats not true
the author was saying that R1b-M269 is not only found in Europe and that is already a well known fact
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
You tend to miss the subtleties don't you? One the authors is certain and the other he is waffling.
------ " R-M269 is **CONSIDERED** a European marker, ......"
VERSUS
" Finally, one sample belonged to E-M33 haplogroup. Although this lineage has its origin in sub- Saharan Africa, ......"
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by xyyman:
1. The author is second guessing whether R1b-M269 is really European in origin. AGAIN!!!
thats not true
the author was saying that R1b-M269 is not only found in Europe and that is already a well known fact
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
You probably had someone write all your English book reports at school didn't you?
To those who don't know the FBI Forensic STR profile of North Africans is posted on ESR. They are as African as SSA. I assume they used the same popaffl STRs commonly used.
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
What the author did there was throw his up in the air , wrung his hands and said under his breath " It is not ME saying R1b-M269 is European but I read it someplace" lol! He knows better! Don't you get it. You have to understand what is NOT said also fool. Damn! Why I am educating you fools? This group is fairly intelligent and LESS prejudicial. But they are not putting themselves out there to be smacked around by rabid EuroCentrics who pay their bills. It is called office politics. Recognize it!! Sacrificing the TRUTH for the $ dollar.
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: You probably had someone write all your English book reports at school didn't you?
To those who don't know the FBI Forensic STR profile of North Africans is posted on ESR. They are as African as SSA. I assume they used the same popaffl STRs commonly used.
Oomph.
the lioness, Member # 17353
posted
quote:Originally posted by xyyman: What the author did there was throw his up in the air , wrung his hands and said under his breath " It is not ME saying R1b-M269 is European but I read it someplace" lol! He knows better! Don't you get it. You have to understand what is NOT said also fool. Damn! Why I am educating you fools? This group is fairly intelligent and LESS prejudicial. But they are not putting themselves out there to be smacked around by rabid EuroCentrics who pay their bills. It is called office politics. Recognize it!! Sacrificing the TRUTH for the $ dollar.
The origin of a haplogroup is strongly suggested by
diversity
frequency
location of oldest human remains found
_______________________________
by hard data not by the use of the word "considered" or not
Djehuti Member # 6698
posted
^ But does this only hold true for the Guanches? The Guanches are the only 'white' islanders the other Canarians were historically described as black and studies show they predominantly possess unique E-M81 derived haplotypes. Funny how you like to focus only on the obvious whites/Eurasian types only.
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: ^ But does this only hold true for the Guanches? The Guanches are the only 'white' islanders the other Canarians were historically described as black and studies show they predominantly possess unique E-M81 derived haplotypes. Funny how you like to focus only on the obvious whites/Eurasian types only.
posted