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Ancient Egyptians DNA is Less Sub Saharan than modern Egyptian DNA.
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Cass/: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: Ps @Jari, Centuries old Beachy Head Lady's face revealed http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/660/media/images/72748000/jpg/_72748915_ancestors-7.jpg [/QUOTE]Agh. yea. But when they did a craniometric study on hundreds of Roman British skeletons only a small % closely matched Sub-Saharan African populations (most closely matched European populations: Norse, Berg, Zalavar.) So black people in Roman Britain were like 5% (if that) of the entire population. Is this even news? [/qb][/QUOTE]My point is that there was interaction between sub Sahara Africans and Roman empire. Greeks and Romans also only made up a small percentage at Abusir. [QUOTE] [IMG]http://www.eastbournemuseums.co.uk/img/slider-images/beachy-head-lady-325.jpg[/IMG] Meet the Beachy Head Lady at Eastbourne Ancestors A rare and unexpected discovery in the UK of a [b]sub-saharan African dating back to Roman times,[/b] found at Beachy Head. Analysis shows she grew up here - what's her story? [/QUOTE] http://www.eastbournemuseums.co.uk/ancestors.aspx [QUOTE] "• 27 B.C.–14 A.D.The principate of Augustus is established. Rome is transformed into a city of marble. The Roman frontiers are expanded and semiconquered territories reinforced. Augustus reconciles with Parthia (22–19 B.C.), and his campaign against Garamantes in Africa is successful (19 B.C.). Many social and religious reforms are enacted. Gaul and its frontiers are organized (15–13 B.C.). The imperial mint at Lugdunum is founded (15–14 B.C.)." [/QUOTE] http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=04®ion=eust#/Key-Events [QUOTE]"Our work developed from a programme of research focused on an early Saharan civilisation known as the Garamantes, located in southwestern Libya (Mattingly 2006, 2011). We have previously identified two Garamantian sites as having urban characteristics, Old Jarma and Qasṛ ash-Sharrāba, and have speculated on the existence of further Saharan towns (Mattingly and Sterry 2013). In the case of Jarma, we have presented a detailed urban biography of the site (Mattingly et al. 2013: 505–544). The specific aims of this paper are to provide a fuller evaluation of what is known historically about Zuwīla and to present in detail the available archaeological data and a more precise chronology for the site. In its final section we advance a plausible sequence of development of this important Saharan oasis centre based on all the currently available evidence. A gazetteer of archaeological monuments is provided as Appendix 1 and a summary of the material dating evidence as Appendix 2. The early medieval period has generally been considered pivotal in the extension and intensification of trans-Saharan trade and this has also been linked with the spread of Islam from the Maghrib across the Sahara (Austen 2010: 19–22). [b]On the southern fringes of the Sahara there is firm evidence of trans-Saharan contacts in the earlier first millennium AD at sites such as Kissi in Burkina Faso and Culabel and Siouré in Senegal [/b](MacDonald 2011; Magnavita 2013). [...] The Roman sources refer to kings of the Garamantes and to their metropolis at Garama (Old Jarma in the Wādī al-Ajāl, 250 km to the west of Zuwīla), strongly suggesting that Garamantian power was exercised over an extensive area (Figure 2). We have argued that there was in this period a Garamantian state that controlled the various oasis zones of Fazzān (Mattingly 2003: 76–90, 346–351, 2013: 530–534). As we shall see, there is evidence to show that Zuwīla originated as an oasis settlement in this period (contra Lewicki 1988: 287 and Levtzion and Hopkins 2000: 460) and that it had arguably grown to be a centre of above average size by the Late Garamantian period." [/QUOTE]--David J. Mattingly, Martin J. Sterry & David N. Edwards (2015) The origins and development of Zuwīla, Libyan Sahara: an archaeological and historical overview of an ancient oasis town and caravan centre, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 50:1, 27-75, DOI: 10.1080/0067270X.2014.980126 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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